暗黑童謠 完全解析
暗黑版童謠?怎麼來的?
追追追小組/調查報導
上一篇報告中,我們以《Lizzie Bordan Took An Axe》為例,解釋網路流傳的「暗黑版童謠」中的歌詞,並非每首都屬於正統的鵝媽媽童謠,只能算是英美民間傳唱的歌曲。除了《Lizzie Bordan Took An Axe》,其他首歌謠屬於鵝媽媽童謠嗎?它們的出處、涵義又是什麼?以下列舉6首較有「特色」的歌曲,為你解釋它們的由來。
看上一篇報告: 網路追追追/我的爸爸在吃我~ 你從未聽過的童謠?
看原信: 小朋友唱的鵝媽媽童謠?
My mother has killed me(我媽媽殺了我)
靜宜大學英國語文學系丁玟瑛教授表示,這首歌詞源自格林童話「The Juniper Tree」(杜松樹下)。「杜松樹下」故事描述一名小男孩,被狠心的繼母殺害,並將屍體煮成肉湯,當作爸爸的晚餐;小男孩的妹妹傷心欲絕,於是將爸爸吃剩的哥哥的骨頭,拿到杜松樹下埋葬,沒想到小男孩化身為小鳥,並藉由美妙的歌聲取得三樣東西,回家殺掉繼母。
之後小男孩恢復人形,從此和爸爸、妹妹過著幸福快樂的日子,而當初它變成小鳥的美麗歌聲,唱的正是這首歌詞。因此丁教授說,這首歌完全出自格林童話,不可能是鵝媽媽童謠。
Sing a song of sixpence(六便士之歌)
《六便士之歌》描述24隻畫眉鳥被放在派中烤,最後有隻畫眉鳥從天外飛來,琢走女僕的鼻子;乍聽之下詭譎的劇情,英國童謠網認為這是合理的。
根據英國童謠網的記述(這可是英國政府的網站喔),中世紀時宮廷廚師真的會作個大餅皮,將畫眉鳥放在裡面,同時廚師再準備另一個真正的派,等鳥飛走再呈給國王。有些宮廷小丑(court jester)可能真的會請宮廷廚師烘焙派餅皮,並將餅皮蓋在活生生的畫眉鳥上,以逗國王開心,因此飛下來啄走鼻子,是畫眉鳥合理的報復。
通常傳唱的小孩們以互捏鼻子為句點,同時這首歌也反映了當時百姓對國王皇后生活的認知。
參見:英國童謠網 Sing a song of sixpence
There was a crooked man(一個彎腰曲背的男人)
有網友說,這首歌謠中每樣東西都彎彎曲曲,可能是因為主角有扭曲病態心理,才讓整個世界看來都彎彎曲曲;不過依照英國童謠網的考究,這首歌謠的涵義可大了!
「The content of 『There was a crooked man』poem have a basis in history.」英國童謠網寫道,這首歌謠源自英國斯圖亞特王室(Stuart)時期英格蘭國王查理一世(Charles 1,1623~1649年在位),彎腰曲背的男人是指蘇格蘭將軍亞歷山大‧萊斯利(General Sir Alexander Leslie)。
這位將軍代表蘇格蘭,與英格蘭簽訂宗教及政治上的和平協約,「the crooked stile」暗喻蘇格蘭與英格蘭之間的國界,「they all lived together in a little crooked house」指兩國終於簽訂協約。從這些彎彎曲曲的字眼,可以看出兩國間的仇恨有多深重,尤其「crooked」這個字,英國人都特別強調「ed」的發音,可見他們有多不爽對方。這首歌也是唯一一首,追追追小組在鵝媽媽童謠書中發現的歌謠。
參見:英國童謠網 There was a crooked man
Three blind mice(三隻瞎眼鼠)
《Three Blind Mice》與《There was a crooked man》一樣,同樣源於某段歷史故事。英國童謠網指出,歌詞中被老鼠追殺的「farmer's wife」暗指英格蘭國王亨利八世的女兒:瑪莉皇后一世。
16世紀正是歐洲宗教革命時期,雖然亨利八世推行宗教改革、倡導基督新教,但他女兒瑪莉皇后卻是個虔誠的天主教徒(舊教)。瑪莉皇后非常排斥新教,用盡各種手段迫害新教徒,種種暴戾行徑,使她有個綽號叫「血腥瑪莉」(Blood Mary)。
歌謠中瑪莉皇后被稱為「farmer's wife」(農夫的妻子),是因為她和她的丈夫西班牙菲力國王,擁有大量的土地、莊園(massive estates,中古世紀為莊園經濟體制);「three mice」則指三名堅守新教信條的貴族(noblemen),他們因為信奉新教,因此被冠上「密謀抗后」的罪名處刑。
不過這三名貴族的下場,和童謠唱的不一樣,瑪莉皇后沒有將他們分屍,也沒有弄瞎他們的眼(cut off their tails&blind mice),相反地,瑪莉皇后下令處予火刑,把貴族烤成焦黑乾屍!
參見:英國童謠網 Three Blind Mice
另一首關於瑪莉皇后的童謠:Mary Mary Quite Contrary
Who killed Cock Robin?(誰殺了知更鳥?)
《Who killed Cock Robin?》描寫知更鳥的喪禮過程,丁玟瑛教授說,其實這首民謠悼念的並不是知更鳥(Robin),而是英國傳奇人物羅賓漢(Robin Hood)。羅賓漢是劫富濟貧的知名俠盜,英國童謠網指出,從歌詞中大家紛紛出力,幫忙羅賓漢的後事,就能知道羅賓漢在英國民眾心中,得到極高的評價與尊敬。
參見:英國童謠網 Who killed Cock Robin?
補充:Ten little nigger boys(十個小黑人)
仔細看《Ten Little Nigger Boys》的歌詞,小黑人一個一個消失、死亡顯得詭譎可怕。丁玟瑛教授表示,這首歌謠改自《Ten Little Indiants》(十個小印地安人),著名推理小說家Agatha Christie(《東方快車謀殺案》作者,被喻為偵探小說之后)更從這首歌謠得到靈感,寫下經典作品《一個都不留》。
這首歌謠的來源已不可考,不過丁教授特別強調,「nigger」是個非常不禮貌的字眼,具有嚴重的種族歧視意味,以中文解釋就是「黑鬼」的意思。在美國如果使用「nigger」,還可能被視作種族歧視控告,因此丁教授認為,這首韻文的創造,可說帶著非常不健康、惡意的意圖,他認為這首歌謠,應該是在20世紀左右,具有強烈種族歧視文化的時代出現。
參見:Delicious Death - And Then There Were None
source:
http://www.nownews.com/2008/08/21/515-2323383.htm
鵝媽媽童謠內容和格林童話一樣有些血腥
貼一些來跟大家分享 :
蛋殼先生
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
All the king's horses and all the king's men
Couldn't put Humpty together again! 蛋殼先生坐在牆上-
蛋殼先生摔了下來,
就算聚集了國王所有的馬和國王所有的臣子,
蛋殼先生也不能再恢復原來的樣子…
我有一個小娃娃
I had a little dolly dressed in green,
I didn't like the colour so I sent it to the queen;
The queen didn't like it so I sent it to the king,
The king said,
Close your eyes and count sixteen.
我有一個小娃娃,穿得一身綠,
我不喜歡這顏色,所以我把他送給了皇后﹔
皇后不喜歡他,所以我把他送給了國王,
國王說,
閉上你的眼,數到16吧。
我有一根香腸
I had a sausage,
A bonny
bonny sausage,
I put it in the oven for my tea.
I went down the cellar,
to get the salt and pepper,
And the sausage ran after me.
我有一根香腸,
瘦巴巴的香腸,
我把他放進爐裡烤來當茶點。
我下樓到地窖,
拿點鹽巴和胡椒,
結果那香腸跟著我後面跑。
六便士之歌
Sing a song of sixpence,
A pocket full of rye;
Four-and-twenty blackbirds
Baked in a pie!
When the pie was opened
The birds began to sing;
Was not that a dainty dish
To set before the king?
The king was in his counting-house,
Counting out his money;
The queen was in the parlor,
Eating bread and honey.
The maid was in the garden,
Hanging out the clothes;
When down came a blackbird
And snapped off her nose.
唱一首六便士之歌,
袋子裡裝滿黑麥;
二十四隻黑畫眉,
被放在派裡面烤!
當派被剝開,
畫眉開始唱歌;
那可不是放在國王桌前,
十分可口的一餐嗎?
國王在帳房數錢;
王后在客廳吃麵包蜂蜜。
女僕在花園曬衣;
一隻黑畫眉飛來,
啄走了她的鼻子。
所羅門.格蘭門
Solomon Grundy,
Born on a Monday,
Christened on Tuesday,
Married on Wednesday,
Took ill on Thursday,
Worse on Friday,
Died on Saturday,
Buried on Sunday.
This is the end
Of Solomon Grundy. 『所羅門.格蘭門』
星期一 出生
星期二 受洗
星期三 結婚
星期四 生病
星期五 病危
星期六 彌留
星期日的『所羅門.格蘭迪』
被埋在墳墓中
結束了
所羅門.格蘭迪
十個小黑人 (ps:有的把nigger改成Indian)
Ten little nigger boys went out to dine
One choked his little self, and then there were nine.
Nine little nigger boys sat up very late
One overslept himself, and then there were eight.
Eight little nigger boys travelling in Devon
One said he'd stay there, and then there were seven.
Seven little nigger boys chopping up sticks One chopped himself in half, and then there were six.
Six little nigger boys playing with a hive
A bumble-bee stung one, and then there were five.
Five little nigger boys going in for law
One got in chancery, and then there were four. Four little nigger boys going out to sea
A red herring swallowed one, and then there were three.
Three little nigger boys walking in the Zoo
A big bear bugged one, and then there were two.
Two little nigger boys sitting in the sun
One got frizzled up, and then there was one. One little nigger boy living all alone
He got married, and then there were none. 十個小黑人外出吃飯,
一個噎死還剩下九個。
九個小黑人熬夜到很晚,
一個睡過頭還剩下八個。
八個小黑人到丹文遊玩,
一個說要留下還剩下七個。
七個小黑人砍棍子,
一個把自己砍成兩半還剩下六個。
六個小黑人玩蜂窩,
一隻黃蜂盯住一個還剩五個。
五個小黑人進了法院,
一個被留下還剩下四個。
四個小黑人到海邊,
一條紅色的鯊魚吞下還剩下三個。
三個小黑人走進動物園裡,
一隻大熊抓走一個還剩下兩個。
兩個小黑人坐在太陽下,
一個熱死只剩下一個。
一個小黑人覺得好寂寞,
他上吊後一個也不剩。
死了一個男子
There was a man, a very untidy man,
Whose fingers could nowhere be found
to put in his tomb.
He had rolled his head far underneath the bed;
He had left legs and arms lying
all over the room.
一個男人,一個不整潔的男人,
他的手指到處找不到,沒辦法放進墳墓。
他的頭遠遠滾到床底;
他的腿和手臂,在房間裡到處亂丟。
誰殺了知更鳥?
Who killed Cock Robin?
I, said the Sparrow,
With my bow and arrow,
I killed Cock Robin.
Who saw him die?
I, said the Fly.
With my little eye,
I saw him die.
Who caught his blood?
I, said the Fish,
With my little dish,
I caught his blood.
Who'll make his shroud?
I , said the Beetle,
With my thread and needle,
I'll make the shroud.
Who'll dig his grave?
I, said the Owl,
With my pick and shovel,
I'll dig his grave.
Who'll be the person?
I, said the Rook,
With my little book,
I'll be the person.
Who'll be the clerk?
I, said the Lark,
If it's not in the dark,
I'll be the clerk.
Who'll carry the link?
I, said the Linnet,
I'll fetch it in a minute,
I'll carry the link.
Who'll be chief mourner?
I, said the Dove,
I mourn for my love,
I'll be chief mourner.
Who'll carry the coffin?
I, said the Kite,
If it's not through the night,
I'll carry the coffin.
Who'll bear the pall?
We, said the Wren,
Both the cock and the hen,
We'll bear the pall.
Who'll sing a psalm?
I, said the Thrush,
As she sat on a bush,
I'll sing a psalm.
Who'll toll the bell?
I, said the Bull,
Because I can pull,
So Cock Robin, farewell.
All the birds of the air
Fell a-sighing and a-sobbing,
When they heard the bell toll
For poor Cock Robin.
NOTICE
To all it concerns,
This notice apprises,
The Sparrow's for trial,
At next bird assizes
誰殺了知更鳥?
是我,麻雀說,
我殺了知更鳥,
用我的弓和箭。
誰看到他死?
是我,蒼蠅說,
我看到他死,
用我的小眼睛。
誰取走他的血?
是我,魚說,
我取走他的血,
用我的小碟子。
誰來做壽衣?
是我,甲蟲說,
我將為他做壽衣,
用我的針和線。
誰來挖墳墓?
是我,貓頭鷹說,
我將為他挖墳墓,
用我的鑿子和鏟子。
誰來當牧師?
是我,烏鴉說,
我將為他當牧師,
用我的小本子。
誰來當執事?
是我,雲雀說,
如果不是在暗處,
我將當執事。
誰拿火炬來?
是我,紅雀說,
我將拿它片刻。
我將拿火炬來。
誰來當主祭?
是我,鴿子說,
我將當主祭。
為吾愛哀悼。
誰來抬棺?
是我,鳶說,
若不經過夜晚,
我將抬棺。
誰來扶棺?
是我們,鷦鷯說,
還有公雞和母雞,
我們將扶棺。
誰來唱讚美詩?
是我,畫眉說,
當他埋入灌木叢中,
我將唱讚美詩。
誰來敲喪鐘?
是我,牛說,
因為我可以拉鐘。
所以,再會了,知更鳥。
當喪鐘
為那可憐的知更鳥響起,
空中所有的鳥
都悲嘆哭泣。
啟事
關係人請注意,
下回小鳥審判,
受審者為麻雀。
麗茲波頓
Lizzie Borden took an axe,
Hit her father forty whacks.
When she saw what she had done.
She hit her mother forty-one. 麗茲波頓拿起斧頭,
砍了爸爸四十下。
當媽媽看見她做了甚麼,
她也砍她四十一下。
我媽媽殺了我
My mother has killed me,
My father is eating me,
My brothers and sisters sit under the table,
Picking up my bones,
And they bury them
under the cold marble stones. 媽媽殺了我、
爸爸吃了我,
兄妹們從桌下揀起我的骨,
埋在冰冷的石墓裡。
==========end=========
讓人懷疑這真的是給小孩子唱的嗎....?
Lizzie Borden took an axe這首詩
這是在美國發生的真人真事,當時Lizzie Borden去報案說她父親被人砍了十幾刀身亡
警察到時發現她繼母也身中多刀不治,唯一的嫌犯就是Lizzie Borden,不過她最後是被無罪釋放了= =
Lizzie Borden's profile : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Borden
The Real Mother Goosehttp://www.fidella.com/trmg/contents.html
格林童話--杜松子樹
“我的母親她宰了我,
我的父親他吃了我,
我的妹妹小瑪蓮啊,
她揀起我所有的骨頭,
包在一條綢手巾裡頭,
埋在那棵杜松子樹下。
克威,克威,我變成只
多麼美麗的小鳥啦! ”
===========
內容實在是.....
[ 本帖最後由 Sadako 於 2008-10-14 06:00 編輯 ] |
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