作者：Marlene Busko
出處：WebMD醫學新聞
December 16, 2008（佛州波卡雷登）－研究指出，使用動物類固醇來增加肌肉是個常見的作法，特別是對於健身訓練者而言，需要將這些類固醇藥丸轉換成經皮、或是人類可以使用的注射劑型。
這項研究是一個網站上有關這些藥物討論版的回顧，研究發現有許多不良反應的報告，從高血壓到掉髮。研究作者表示，儘管對於這些自行製備藥物是否無菌的擔憂，在醫學文獻中並沒有與使用這些動物類固醇直接相關的並存疾病。
主要作者、麻州波士頓大學醫學中心Dwight Zach Smith醫師向Medscape精神學表示，健身訓練者與其他運動界的人們正在使用植入牛耳來增加動物肌肉的類固醇，他們分離活性類固醇成分，通常是trenbolne或是testosterone，將這個藥物做成注射、可以使用的劑型。
他指出，這是個不平凡的事件。他附帶表示，想像人們磨碎動物用類固醇，然後注射這些藥物，這是令人吃驚的。我們並不知道這樣的作法有多普遍，但我想可以很有信心地說這是常見的。
Smith醫師在美國精神成癮醫學會第19屆年會與座談會上發表這項研究結果。
【製造工具容易取得】
Smith醫師表示，據估計，約有一百萬美國人使用非法雄性促新陳代謝類固醇（AAS）；作者寫到，在1990年通過類固醇管制法案後，許多人轉為使用動物用類固醇植入物，包括Finaplix/Finaplex（trenbolone acetate）與Synovex（testosterone propionate與estradiol）。
為了確認人類使用促新陳代謝動物用類固醇的理由，同時研究這樣用法的後果，研究者們進行了Medline文獻搜尋，並分析網路與類固醇使用有關的網站以及論壇。
Medline搜尋未能找出任何直接與轉換動物用類固醇成人類使用過程有關的有害事件報告。
【尋得更多肌肉】
調查員發現，分析6個類固醇相關的論壇，112個發表討論他們使用這些藥物的經驗，揭露了4個共同的討論題材。
首先是Finaplix/Finaplex比Synovex更受歡迎，因為Finaplix/Finaplex不含雌激素，使用者需先費力地由Synovex移除雌激素。
其次，牛的Finaplix/Finaplex藥丸並不昂貴，且能合法取得。轉換這些藥物成為人類可以使用的型式，在網路上也非常容易取得，因此使用者認為這些轉換非常簡單。
第三，評論者認為由Finaplix/Finaplex提煉的trebolone比起其他類固醇更能增加肌肉強度、瘦肉質量及肌肉有效性。
然而，根據論壇上張貼的評論顯示，trenbolone也有一些負面的影響，像是高血壓、鼻出血、食慾減低、噁心、焦慮、不耐煩、憤怒、粉刺、掉髮和前列腺肥大。
Smith博士指出，Trenbolone合成代謝的能力是testosterone的2倍，睪酮力則為3倍，且不昂貴；成本低加上好用，因此在AAS當中獲得好的風評，因而促成這個藥物的誤用。
他補充道，使用這些藥物的慣例是不公開的，且不被允許的。
Smith博士表示沒有任何資金上的往來。
美國成癮精神學會第19屆年會與討論會：海報13。發表於2008年12月4日
AAAP 2008: Cattle Steroid Misuse Appears Common
By Marlene Busko
Medscape Medical News
December 16, 2008 (Boca Raton, Florida) — Misusing cattle steroids to "bulk up" appears to be a common practice, especially among bodybuilders, and the kits required to convert the steroid pellets to a transdermal or injectable form usable by humans are readily available, a study reports.
The study, a qualitative review of Web site discussion boards about these agents, found numerous reports of adverse effects, ranging from high blood pressure to hair loss. But despite concerns over the sterility of home-prepared agents, no cases of comorbidities directly caused by the misuse of cattle steroids have been reported in the medical literature, the study authors note.
"Bodybuilders and other people in the athletic community are taking steroids meant to be implanted in cows' ears to increase the animals' bulk, and they are extracting the active steroid ingredient — usually trenbolone or testosterone — and making it into an injectable, usable form," lead author Dwight Zach Smith, MD, from Boston University Medical Center, in Massachusetts, told Medscape Psychiatry.
"It's really quite a remarkable story," he said. "It is startling to envision people grinding up cattle steroids and injecting them. We don’t know how common this practice is, but I think it's safe to say that it's not uncommon," he added.
Dr. Smith presented the findings here at the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry 19th Annual Meeting and Symposium.
Readily Available Conversion Kits
An estimated 1 million Americans use illicit androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), said Dr. Smith. After the passage of the Steroid Control Act of 1990, many individuals turned to steroid implants for cattle, including Finaplix/Finaplex (trenbolone acetate) and Synovex (testosterone propionate and estradiol), the authors write.
To determine the rationale for using anabolic cattle steroids in humans and to investigate the consequences of such use, the researchers performed a Medline literature search and analyzed Internet Web sites and forums dedicated to steroid use.
The Medline search failed to turn up any case report of harmful events directly related to the process of converting the steroids intended for cattle to a form used by humans.
Seeking More Muscle
An analysis of 112 posts on 6 steroid-related forums in which individuals described their experiences with these agents revealed 4 common discussion themes, the researchers found.
First, Finaplix/Finaplex is more popular than Synovex, since the former is available without estrogen, and the users find removing the estrogen from Synovex to be "tedious."
Second, Finaplix/Finaplex pellets for cattle are inexpensive and can be legally acquired with minimal documentation. The conversion kits to transform these agents into a form usable by humans are also readily available online, and users report that the conversion process is "easy."
Third, commenters report that the use of trenbolone from Finaplix/Finaplex increases strength, lean muscle mass, and muscle definition more effectively than other steroids.
However, according to typical comments posted on the forums, trenbolone has more negative effects, such as high blood pressure, nosebleeds, appetite suppression, nausea, anxiety, impatience, rage, acne, hair loss, and prostate hypertrophy.
"Trenbolone is twice as anabolic as testosterone and 3 times as androgenic, and it is inexpensive," said Dr. Smith. "Low cost and availability, as well as the reputation of the agents as highly effective AAS, contribute to their ongoing misuse."
The practice is very "underground" and people do not want to admit that they use these agents, he added.
Dr. Smith did not report any financial disclosure.
American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry 19th Annual Meeting and Symposium: Poster 13. Presented December 4, 2008.
[ 本帖最後由 goodcat1111 於 2008-12-30 15:21 編輯 ] |
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