美國Mobil 1 原廠網站也說明 網址指向美國Mobil 1 0W-40產品介紹
自1996年開使 Mobil 1 0W-40 為Porsche德國保時捷的新車出廠前引擎使用的機油,以及往後回廠保養的推薦機油
Mobil 1 0W-40 synthetic engine oil has been the factory and recommended service fill for all Porsche engines since 1996.
1. Brand name, viscosity class and oil quality
Details on the specified type and quality of oil are included in
Sheets 221.0, 223.1/.2 and 231.0 to 231.3.
The brand name clearly defines the product, the oil qualities are
clearly specified. The designations on the lubricant containers
must therefore accurately match the brand names approved by us.
合約內容第二項規定,通過認證的機油廠商商品行銷於全球,只要該機油品牌名稱通過賓士認證並登記於賓士認證通過的機油名單上,當該機油行銷於全球並掛名通過賓士認證的機油,機油廠商都必須向賓士負責(無論該項通過認證的機油品牌名稱在全球的那一個工廠生產或是在全球哪一個國家銷售,認證都是相同並且有效),並遵守022技術文件合約內容(總共16項合約規定包含下列第三項規定),
2. The Company is responsible to Daimler AG for ensuring compliance with the provisions of
the “ Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids ” throughout the world. When using an identical
product name, the approval is also valid in countries other than those listed in the “ Mercedes - Benz
Specifications for Operating Fluids, ” regardless of where the product is manufactured or distributed.
通過德國賓士機油認證廠商,必須遵守認證機油合約,第三點明白規定機油廠商
3. The Company may distribute different formulations of the operating fluid under one and the same
product name if Daimler AG has tested and approved each formulation individually. Each formulation
distributed under the same product name must display the same performance quality.
Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids
Daimler AG, at the request of
– hereinafter referred to as “ the Company ” –
has tested the product called Provided the Company fulfills the obligations and conditions given below, Daimler AG will include the
above operating fluid in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids ” and approve it foruse in Mercedes - Benz vehicles and assemblies.
1. The Company shall not distribute any product under the above product designation anywhere in theworld other than the operating fluid tested and approved by Daimler AG.
2. The Company is responsible to Daimler AG for ensuring compliance with the provisions of
the “ Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids ” throughout the world. When using an identical product name, the approval is also valid in countries other than those listed in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, ” regardless of where the product is manufactured or distributed.
3. The Company may distribute different formulations of the operating fluid under one and the sameproduct name if Daimler AG has tested and approved each formulation individually. Each formulation distributed under the same product name must display the same performance quality.
4. If the applicant seeks approval for operating fluids of various qualities on different sheets of the Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, these product names must differ from one another by more than simply the SAE grade. The SAE grade may therefore only be used to differentiate between the viscosity, not the quality. Single grade and multigrade oils must be given product names that can be clearly and unambiguously differentiated from one another.
5. The Company shall at all times be able to inform Daimler AG as to which formulation is or
was being distributed in any given country at any given time.
6. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents, completely and clearly label the approved operating fluid in Latin letters with the exact same product name given above. Brand labels owned by Daimler AG ( such as “ MB ”, “ Daimler ”, etc. ) must not form part of the product name.
Only valid with signature on page 2
7. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents for the approved operating fluid, print the following text using the exact wording solely in English or German language shown here:
“ MB - Freigabe XXX.XX ” or “ MB - Approval XXX.XX ”.
8. The Company shall not use its approval( s ) for marketing purposes and in no manner or form in its advertising.
9. The company undertakes to send Daimler AG a label from both the front and rear side of a sales container (e.g. a 1-liter can) via BEAM (the service product application module; http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/
beam – Processes – Upload Label) when sales start (but no later than 6 months after receipt of the MB - Approval letter) if such items were not included in the application. If Daimler AG does not receive a copy of the label via BEAM within 6 months of receipt of the MB - Approval letter, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void.
10. If the approved operating fluid or its product name is altered in any way, the approval will automatically become null and void. Should the Company intend to alter the formulation of the approved operating fluid or the product name, the approval process must be repeated at the specific request of the Company and Daimler AG will again decide whether or not to grant approval. A minimum of twelve weeks prior to the alteration must be allowed for the re-approval process for the altered operating fluid or product name.
11. The company undertakes to inform Daimler AG each year in the yearly verification whether the abovementioned service product is being marketed unchanged under the product name.
The yearly verification shall be prepared within 8 weeks of the end of the 12-month period relative to the approval date in BEAM (http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/beam – yearly verification). If the yearly verification is not provided, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void and the service product shall be removed from the Mercedes-Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids.
12. The Company agrees to contractually oblige its dealers and agents, as well as all other resellers, to use,
in connection with the approved operating fluid, only the product name specified above in all dealings with third parties ( in particular for its sales operations ).
13. There exists no obligation on the part of Daimler AG to grant approval, even should the Company fulfill all the conditions of these obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids. Daimler AG may revoke approval at any time.
14. Approval is effective as of the date of issue of the approval certificate.
The following applies in addition for engine oils: For original products, approval will expire automatically after a period of five years. The term of approval for rebrands /reblends is limited to the term for the respective original product and can therefore not exceed five years.
15. Approval does not imply any obligation on the part of Daimler AG or its service organization to procure the operating fluid.
16. Written notification will be provided to the Company of any changes made to these approval obligations.Such changes shall be deemed approved if no written objection is received from the Company within a period of six weeks following the announcement of the changes. Daimler AG will make special mention of this consequence when announcing changes.
賓士 技術文件 sheet 219.0文中指出
The following effects are assigned to special additives by the
companies (or sales persons):
> low friction, i.e. less fuel consumption
> less exhaust and soot emissions
> longer oil change intervals
When a new engine, major assembly or vehicle is being
developed, the spectrum of activity of the lubricants is
investigated and analyzed in expensive series of tests in the
laboratory, on the test stand and in the vehicle. The lubricant and
the additives are tailored to the requirements and stresses that
occur in close collaboration with the lubricant manufacturers. The
ready>formulated lubricant is not approved by Daimler AG until
successful testing has taken place. The approval is canceled
whenever changes are made to the tested product.
If special additives are added in an uncontrolled manner there is a
risk that the sensitive balance of base oil and additives is upset
and the carefully balanced properties of the lubricants are
worsened. Daimler AG(Daimler AG 戴母樂就是德國賓士總公司) has no direct way of influencing the type,
quantity or handling of the special additives and checking each
individual usage case.
另一段話如下
The approval (小心機油商最喜歡晚文字遊戲了,正式取得各大歐洲車廠認證的機油,正確英文表達用字是 "approval" -->中文意思為"取得認證" 不是使用"meet"-->中文意思為 "符合" 但未取得歐洲車廠的實際認證,德國賓士標準官方認證通過的油品宣告表示方法為使用拉丁文來表示以 英文來表示的標準語法為 MB-Approval XXX.XX 例如 MB-Approval 229.5 ) is canceled whenever changes are made to the tested product.
通過 MB229.5機油認證的機油及其他認證的機油,一但改變配方,認證立即取消,更證明了
有MB229.5認證的機油配方不會輕易改變,一改變就要重新送賓士認證了!不同認證機油及廠牌的也不要混合使用!
在德國賓士原廠的技術文件022.0 Sheet022.0 Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids (取得認證油品的廠商及產品遵守事項)第七點明確要求通過認證油品的表示方法
7. The company marks on all bundles, price-lists as well as
of other sales and advertising documents him
released fluids with the precisely text:
" MB-MB-Freigabe XXX.XX "or. MB-Approval XXX.XX ".--->德國賓士建議通過認證的產品,瓶身上明確以拉丁文印出認證的編號,官方規定標準標示格式為
Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids
Daimler AG, at the request of
– hereinafter referred to as “ the Company ” –
has tested the product called Provided the Company fulfills the obligations and conditions given below, Daimler AG will include the
above operating fluid in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids ” and approve it for use in Mercedes - Benz vehicles and assemblies.
1. The Company shall not distribute any product under the above product designation anywhere in the
world other than the operating fluid tested and approved by Daimler AG.
2. The Company is responsible to Daimler AG for ensuring compliance with the provisions of the “ Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids ” throughout the world. When using an identical product name, the approval is also valid in countries other than those listed in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, ” regardless of where the product is manufactured or distributed.
3. The Company may distribute different formulations of the operating fluid under one and the same product name if Daimler AG has tested and approved each formulation individually. Each formulation distributed under the same product name must display the same performance quality.
4. If the applicant seeks approval for operating fluids of various qualities on different sheets of the Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, these product names must differ from one another by more than simply the SAE grade. The SAE grade may therefore only be used to
differentiate between the viscosity, not the quality. Single grade and multigrade oils must be given product names that can be clearly and anambiguously differentiated from one another.
5. The Company shall at all times be able to inform Daimler AG as to which formulation is or was being distributed in any given country at any given time.
6. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents, completely and clearly label the approved operating fluid in Latin letters with the exact same product name given above. Brand labels owned by Daimler AG ( such as “ MB ”, “ Daimler ”, etc. ) must not form part of the product name. Only valid with signature on page 2 B20.424.19.048.01.K 03/10 Page 1/2
7. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents for the approved operating fluid, print the following text using the exact wording solely in English or German language shown here: “ MB - Freigabe XXX.XX ” or “ MB - Approval XXX.XX ”.
8. The Company shall not use its approval( s ) for marketing purposes and in no manner or form in its advertising.
9. The company undertakes to send Daimler AG a label from both the front and rear side of a sales container (e.g. a 1-liter can) via BEAM (the service product application module; http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/ beam – Processes – Upload Label) when sales start (but no later than 6 months after receipt of the MB - Approval letter) if such items were not included in the application. If Daimler AG does not receive
a copy of the label via BEAM within 6 months of receipt of the MB - Approval letter, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void.
10. If the approved operating fluid or its product name is altered in any way, the approval will automatically become null and void. Should the Company intend to alter the formulation of the approved operating fluid or the product name, the approval process must be repeated at the specific request of the Company and Daimler AG will again decide whether or not to grant approval. A minimum of twelve weeks prior to the alteration must be allowed for the re-approval process for the altered operating fluid or product name.
11. The company undertakes to inform Daimler AG each year in the yearly verification whether the abovementioned service product is being marketed unchanged under the product name. The yearly verification shall be prepared within 8 weeks of the end of the 12-month period relative to the approval date in BEAM (http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/beam – yearly verification). If the yearly verification
is not provided, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void and the service product shall be removed from the Mercedes-Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids.
12. The Company agrees to contractually oblige its dealers and agents, as well as all other resellers, to use, in connection with the approved operating fluid, only the product name specified above in all dealings with third parties ( in particular for its sales operations ).
13. There exists no obligation on the part of Daimler AG to grant approval, even should the Company fulfill all the conditions of these obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids. Daimler AG may revoke approval at any time.
14. Approval is effective as of the date of issue of the approval certificate. The following applies in addition for engine oils: For original products, approval will expire automatically after a period of five years. The term of approval for rebrands /reblends is limited to the term for the
respective original product and can therefore not exceed five years.
15. Approval does not imply any obligation on the part of Daimler AG or its service organization to procure the operating fluid.
16. Written notification will be provided to the Company of any changes made to these approval obligations.
Such changes shall be deemed approved if no written objection is received from the Company within a period of six weeks following the announcement of the changes. Daimler AG will make special mention of this consequence when announcing changes.
What is sheet 229.51?何謂MB229.51認證的機油
A passenger vehicle engine oil specification for "Low SPAsh" low-friction engine oils at the highest performance level (2nd generation "Low SPAsh" low-friction engine oils, with the performance capability described in sheet 229.5), i.e. with the most stringent limits with regard to wear and cleanliness.
These oils are outstanding because they provide the best possible protection from black sludge formation and deposits. They also have improved fuel economy potential (fuel economy benefit in the M111 FE test CEC SG>L54 > 1.7 % = Sheet 229.5 level), and improved environmental compatibility.
What are the most important requirements and tests for a release as far as sheet 229.51 is concerned?
Laboratory 機油成分限制
tests: Sulfur < 0.20 % by weight,
Phosphor < 0.08 % by weight,
Sulfated ash < 0.8 % by weight,
Chlorine < 0.005 % by weight,
TBN (neutralization capability) > 6.0 mg KOH/g
Engine test:機油倒入引擎實際測試
MB229.5及229.51兩種認證的機油使用賓士引擎測試,要取得認證的最低標準門檻都是同一個標準
所以取得MB229.5及229.51兩個認證標準的機油,保護引擎,抗磨損的要求,是一樣的標準,所以保護引擎的效果都一樣
M 271 Wear test Pass acc. 229.5/.51 Limits
M271 Sludge test Pass acc. 229.5/.51 Limits
M 111 Fuel Economy test Pass acc. 229.5/.51 Limits (>1.7 %)
OM 611 DE22LA test Pass acc. 229.5/.51 Limits
OM 602 A test Pass acc. 229.5/.51 Limits
Plus other ACEA and OEM tests: Pass ACEA A3, B4, C3, VW TDI,VW
T4, .....
The basic requirements of ACEA test sequences A3-2004年標準, B4-2004年標準 and
C3-2004年標準 apply to these engine oils. Beyond this are the more
comprehensive specifications of Daimler AG. Approvals are only possible for low>friction engine oils that comply with the low limits with regard to sulfur, phosphor content and the content of ash>forming components. The detailed requirements for an approval of these high>performance engine oils are listed in the table "Mercedes>Benz specifications for engine oils (service fill)"
API 對基礎油(base oil)種類分成以下5種類別：
第一類基礎油 API Group I，傳統溶劑精煉礦物油；
第二類基礎油 API Group II，加氫裂解礦物油；
第三類基礎油API Group III，高度加氫裂解或加氫異構化蠟合成油；
第四類基礎油API Group IV，聚α－烯烴合成油（PAO）合成油；
第五類基礎油 API Group V，其他合成油
SAE 10W-40 based on a mix of API Group I and Group III, or API Group II base oils.
SAE 10W-40 黏度的機油 是以API第一類基礎油 (API Group I，傳統溶劑精煉礦物油)混合API第三類基礎油(API Group III，高度加氫裂解或加氫異構化蠟合成油)調配而成,兩種混合調配成的半合成機油(半合成機油英文:semisynthetic, Partial-synthetically 半合成機油德文為Teilsynthetisch ) 或單獨只用API第二類基礎油 (API Group II，加氫裂解礦物油)調配的礦物油(礦物油英文:mineral oil 礦物油德文為Mineralisch )
SAE 5W-40 and SAE 5W-30 based on API Group III base oils.
SAE 5W-40以及SAE 5W-30 黏度的機油 是以 API第三類基礎油(API Group III，高度加氫裂解或加氫異構化蠟合成油)調配而成.
歐洲地區認為此種加輕裂解合成技術合成的機油為合成機油,德文為 Synthese-Technology或HC-Syntheseöl (合成油或加輕裂解合成油)
SAE 0W-30 based on API Group IV base oils
通過 MB 229.5 認證的SAE 0W-30黏度的機油是(API Group VI) 第四類基礎油混合而成的
SAE 0W-30 黏度的機油 是以第四類基礎油API Group IV，聚α－烯烴（PAO）；調配而成.
歐洲地區只認定(PAO)第四類基礎油API Group IV為全合成機油,德文為 Vollsynthetisches(全合成機油).
美國則是第三類基礎油及第四類基礎油都可稱為 FULLY SYNTHETIC (全合成機油)
因此由上述的認證資料可了解.選用 SAE 0W-XX 的機油品質最好 ,0W-XX黏度的機油都是第四類基礎油混合而成的,如0W-30 0W-40是選用API 第四類基礎油Group IV 調配而成,機油的品質最好,低溫流動性佳,機油在高溫下,可耐更高的溫度更持久,不氧化, 低揮發性,可延長換油里程.
關於15W-40黏度的機油可參考LUBRIZOL的資料 http://www.lubrizol.com/EuropeanEngineOils/A3B308.html
另外再來看看比ACEA A3/B4 要求寬鬆的ACEA A3/B3機油認證標準
根據LUBRIZOL的資料
文中指出
ACEA A3/B3 oils are seen in a wide range of viscosity grades. The most common being:
* SAE 10W-40 based on a mix of API Group I and Group III.
* SAE 15W-40 based on API Group I base oils.
ACEA A3/B3認證的機油 通常兩種下列SAE黏度 10W-40及 15W-40
*SAE 10W-40 黏度的機油 是以API第一類基礎油 (API Group I，傳統溶劑精煉礦物油)混合API第三類基礎油(API Group III，高度加氫裂解或加氫異構化蠟合成油)調配而成,兩種混合調配成的半合成機油
*SAE 15W-40 黏度的機油 是最便宜的,API第一類基礎油 (API Group I，傳統溶劑精煉礦物油),此類基礎油成本最低,價格也是最便宜的
North American producers of low viscosity (2 cSt to 10 cSt) PAOs include ChevronPhillips Chemical, ExxonMobil Chemical and INEOS Oligomers.
上文指出
北美洲生產低粘度 聚-α烯烴（PAO）基礎油的化學公司為,艾克森美浮ExxonMobil Chemical, 雪佛龍菲利浦化學公司Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP (CPChem)http://www.cpchem.com/enu/owner_companies.asp(雪佛龍菲利浦化學公司為美國第二大石油公司雪佛龍石油公司Chevron Corporation 及美國第三大石油公司康菲石油(ConocoPhillips).共同合資的化學公司), 及INEOS Oligomers公司http://www.ineos.com/bus_oli_pro.html
使用 賓士M 111 型號的引擎實驗機台 通過MB229.5認證的機油可省油 1.7%
fuel economy benefit in the M111 FE test (Mercedes Fuel Economy test (M111 FE) European standard for fuel Economy)CEC SG> L54> 1.7% = sheet
229.5 levels
技術文件說明 MB 229.5的特性
Sheet 229.5 (multigrade oils)
These low>viscosity engine oils are approved for specific passenger
car engines
(model series 100, model series 200, model series 600), commercial
vehicle engines from the passenger car area
(Model series 100, model series 200, model series 600) and
industrial engines from the passenger car area (model series 100,
model series 200, model series 600)
For use see Sheet 223.2.
The requirements for an approval of these engine oils are listed in
the table "Mercedes>Benz specifications for engine oils (service
fill)". The basic requirements of ACEA A3>04 and B4>04 apply to
these engine oils. Beyond this are the more comprehensive
specifications of Daimler AG.
通過MB229.5認證的機油與 通過 MB229.3 和MB229.1的機油其差異為
Compared with Sheet 229.1 and 229.3 the engine oils are
characterized by:
1. highest quality (with regard to wear and cleanliness) for
approved passenger car engine oils
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油品質(機油的抗引擎磨損與清潔性方面),比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油品質更高
2. even further improved fuel saving potential
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油提供的省油效果,比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油更好
3. potential for even longer oil change intervals (in
combination with new oil filter elements)
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油,換機油周期,比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油更長(必須搭配新型材質的機油濾清器)
4. further improved environmental compatibility
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油,比 MB229.3 MB229.1的機油更環保
取得賓士MB229.5認證的機油品牌黏度產品名稱可在下列官網查閱 http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/be ... .5&suchbegriff=.
有MB229.5認證的機油品牌如
Aral SuperSynth 0W-40
BP Visco 7000 M 0W-30
Castrol Edge 0W-30
Castrol Edge 0W-40
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40
elf EXCELLIUM 0W-30
Mobil 1 0W-40
Shell Helix Ultra 5W-40
Total Quartz 9000 Energy 5W-40
...
機油品質由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油售價由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油換油里程由長至短排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油品質由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油售價由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油換油里程由長至短排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1>>API SM
機油保護引擎抗磨損性能(Wear)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油防止油泥產生(Sludge)由佳至優排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油防止活塞積碳(Piston deposits)由佳至優排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油耐高溫抗氧化減緩機油變黏稠(Oxidative thickening)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 = MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油省油效果(Fuel economy)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
所以不要再花大錢買低階或沒有MB229.X 認證的機油或API SM 的機油
選用MB229.5認證的機油才是聰明又環保的選擇
賓士技術文件指出使用新材質的機油濾清器,換機油的里程重新被定義,可延長換機油的里程至兩倍
it
is possible to redefine the interval for engine oil and filter
change for vehicles fitted with a longlife oil filter: double
interval in comparison to vehicles not fitted with this special
equipment.
為了新配合新的超性能機油 50000km換一次機油,新的<font color="#FF0000">fully synthetic fleece </font> 機油濾芯已研發上市
機油濾芯想不到也有全合成的,由於機油中的硝酸鹽會使傳統的機油濾芯中的濾材脆化,故fully synthetic fleece 機油濾芯來配合新機油的換油週期
A new fully synthetic fleecemade from polyester (聚酯纖維)has therefore been developed.
此fully synthetic fleece機油濾芯可以 3萬換一次,甚至於15萬換一次
This easily enables service intervals of up to 30,000 km to be achieved in passenger car applications, and even up to 150,000 km for commercial vehicles
第二類基礎油(API Group II)，加氫裂解礦物油;
以上兩類都稱為礦物油，礦物油的基礎油是原油提煉過程中，在分餾出有用的輕物質(如航空用油、汽油、柴油……等)之後，剩下來殘留的塔底油再經提煉而成(再剩下就是瀝青)。就本質而言，它是運用原油中較差的成份，原油中存有幾千個不同的混合物分子組成，提煉技術即使再精進，亦無法將其中不良物、雜質去除殆盡。
第三類基礎油(API Group III)，高度加氫裂解或加氫異構化蠟合成油;
此類基礎油原料和前兩類是一樣的，代表性的就是嘉實多公司從1999年開始開始使用III類基礎油VHVI(very high viscosity index)代替原來配方的PAO，貼上“synthetic”-合成油的標籤，而現在國內很多品牌也照搬。隨著加工工藝的提高，現在在VHVI上又有了：1DW(加氫裂化—異構脫蠟)雪佛龍公司專利;MSDW(加氫處理一加氫異構化和加氫裂化—選擇性脫蠟)埃克森美孚公司專利;XHVI(加氫異構化生產超高黏度指數)殼牌公司專利，現在都稱為合成基礎油。其中埃克森美孚公司半合成油基本都是使用MSDW技術，稱為合成科技。
第四類基礎油(API Group IV)，聚α-烯烴(PAO)合成油;
聚α-烯烴(PAO)，是埃克森美孚公司專利技術，系來自於原油中的瓦斯氣或天然氣所分散出來的乙烯、丙烯，再經聚合、催化等繁複的化學反應才煉製成大分子組成的基礎液。在本質上，它使用的是原油中較好的成份，加以化學反應並透過人為的控制下達到預期的分子形態，其分子排列整齊，抵抗外來變數的能力自然很強，因此合成油體質較好，其對熱穩定、抗氧化反應、抗粘度變化的能力自然要比礦物油強的多。
第五類基礎油(API Group V)，其他合成油
一般稱為脂類，就是通過提煉動、植物(生物)脂肪酸和醇化學合成的雙酯、多元醇酯、聚醚、矽油、磷酸酯等。酯類本來是有油性的，其他基礎油(包括PAO)要通過添加劑實現這個性質。而且酯類本來的極向性可以使油膜分子黏附在金屬表面，所以論潤滑性能，酯類是最好的。
TBN(Total Base Number)總鹼價==> 通常為測定引擎機油(柴油或汽油)是否要更換,因為引擎用機油中有添加鹼劑(TBN添加劑),用來中和,燃料(汽油或柴油)在燃燒室中燃燒後,燃料中的硫會與水作用腐蝕引擎零件表面，所以選用汽油或柴油要選用含低硫量低的有助於延長機油的壽命(與石油公司的設備有關係),拉長換油里程
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Malaysia
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Taiwan
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Tel.: (886) 2 2734 6888
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Question:
Is Synthetic Oil Responsible for Low Oil Pressure?
I recently used Mobil 1 in my 1991 Miata. Oil pressure at idle was extremely low, which worried me. I replaced it with standard oil and the pressure came up within normal low ranges. This is not the first time I've experienced this phenomenon. Is this normal?
-- K Brink, Thurmont, MD
Answer:
Oil pressure is directly related to resistance to flow. Because of the lower resistance to flow that synthetics offer, the oil pressure will generally be reduced as well. Lower resistance to flow also means less friction and potentially better power or efficiency. Of course the lack of pressure is not a good sign, as it indicates a lack of flow. Therefore, no pressure would require immediate action by the driver.
上文為
有大大問美國 Mobil 1 ,使用合成油在1991年的車上,油壓會下降,合成油的油壓是否會下降
美國 Mobil 1 的回答為,油壓為機油流動的阻力,合成油流動阻力小,油壓會稍微下降,
油壓稍微下降也代表磨差阻力小,會有更好的馬力及省油表現,但過低的油壓表示機油流動量不足.
Mobil 1 0W-40 的官方影片介紹
Mobil 1 THE GRID
有許多的Mobil 1 0W-40 機油在Porsche 渦輪引擎內潤滑作用的機油動畫
提共給各位大大參考
Established in 1963 as a private enterprise, Viscolube is today one of the few European companies specializing in waste oil re-refining which is able to produce lubricating base oils whose properties are equal or even better than virgin base oils currently on the market.
Viscolube has two production plants in Italy and in 2007 it treated about 140,000 tonnes of waste oil, producing about 97,000 tonnes of lubricating bases.
Poland – Jedlicze
西班牙的石化公司也開始使用回收油
Spain – Tracemar (Huelva and7 Cartagena) no HDF unit installed http://www.ecolube.es
http://ebn24.com/index.php?id=34694&L=1
跟據德國回收油公程師的文章
德國現今有10%~20%的機油是回收油製造,未來會更多
德國所發展的優良回收油技術
德國要把回收油技術外銷到 歐洲,亞洲,美國的業者
In Germany, already approximately ten per cent of lubricants are produced by recycling nowadays. In view of the increasing shortage of raw materials, that figure could easily be raised to more than 20 per cent. The state-of-the-art technology developed in Germany is very adaptable and well suited for export. Contacts with institutes, universities, and companies in Europe, Asia, and America already exist. Mineralöl-Raffinerie Dollbergen GmbH, and thus also the location of Lower Saxony, are important global participants. This is the origin of the technologies that enable sustainable development. Bring on the future</font>
Waste oil
End-of-life lubricants such as are used, for example, in machines, engines,
transmissions, and turbines and which need to be disposed of in an environmentally
friendly manner are classified as waste oil. Since they are extremely
dangerous for groundwater and soil, Germany in 1979 introduced
regulations governing the complete collection and correct storage of waste
oil.
Source: Federal Environment Ministry (BMU)
33
In Germany the waste oil market is purely market-economy-based. Since
the provisions of the Waste Oil Ordinance came into effect in 1987 this system
has been running smoothly. In 2007 480,000 tonnes of waste oil was
collected and completely recovered, 73% materially and 27% energetically.
Since the Waste Oil Ordinance was amended in 2002 reprocessing of waste
oil has top priority. Thus, separating the hazardous substances from the
waste oil produces base oil which can be returned to the lubricant substance
cycle.
另外目前美國回收油的技術,只能回收製成礦物油,無法回收再回生成全合成機油
API Group I 及部分 Group II base oil 第一類及第二類基礎油,可製造 20W-XX 15W-XX的礦物機油
5W-40 0W-30 0W-40 這類全合成機油必須使 用Group III 及部分 Group IV base oil 第三類及第四類機礎油,必須由新的原油煉解取得
所以如怕使用到回收油,選用全合成機油即可
The current regeneration technologies allow rerefiners to produce high quality API Group I base oils and in some instances Group II quality base stocks. “The potential set of products that can be blended by rerefined base stocks include most industrial lubricant applications and bottom and mid-tier automotive products,” Phadke asserted, adding that top-tier products often cannot be blended using these base stocks.
Acceptance of rerefined products by OEMs is good, and they recommend such base stocks where economically and technically feasible, Phadke continued. “On the other hand, smaller lubricants blenders’ and marketers’ acceptance of these base stocks depends on the individual business situation, while global lubricant majors generally find it difficult to incorporate rerefined base stocks in their blends.” He explained that the reason for this is that these companies have standard global formulations.
Waste Oil
As all waste oils from machines, engines, gearboxes or turbines may be very harmful to the environment if they find their way into soil or water, their handling is subject to stringent environmental regulations. For example, the Waste Oil Ordinance provides that the sale of engine oils and gear oils is only permitted if a waste oil reception point exists at or in the immediate vicinity of the point of sale.
For instance, if a department store sells engine oil it is required to accept the same amount of returned waste oil. If this is not possible at the point where the new engine oil is sold, a written notice must clearly indicate the whereabouts of the nearest waste oil reception point, which must be in the immediate vicinity.
There are also strict regulations for the disposal of waste oil: waste oils are either reprocessed to obtain new lubricants or heating oil, incinerated to generate energy, or disposed of as special waste. Germany gives financial assistance for waste oil reprocessing.
To increase the reprocessing of waste oil the Waste Oil Ordinance was amended in Germany and is in force since 1 May 2002.
Meanwhile about 75 % of the waste oil is recycled and 25 % is used as energy, so that nearly 100% of the waste oil is recovered (about 450.000 tonnes in 2003).
德國邦聯政府統計約 75%的廢機油回收再利用,剩下25%的廢機油做為燃料[歡呼]
The guideline for the promotion of the processing from waste oil to basis oil regulates this in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Promulgation of the Directive to Promote Processing of Waste Oil into Base Oil
The purpose of this attachment is to promulgate the Directive to Promote Processing of Waste Oil into Base Oil.
歐洲回收機油再生工業協會的網頁 http://www.geir-rerefining.org/index.php
GEIR (Groupement Europeen de l'Industrie de la Regeneration), the European Re-refining Industry section of UEIL (Independent Union of the European Lubricants industry), is located in Brussels.
Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 19.11.2008, regarding wastes and repealing some other directives,
Act of 27.04.2001 regarding wastes – Dz. U. (Journal of Law) of 2010, No 185, item 1243 – uniform text,
Act of 29.06.2007 regarding international transition/transportation of wastes – Dz. U. (Journal of Law), No 124, item 859.
Act of 27.04.2001, Environment Protection Law – Dz. U. (Journal of Law) of 2008, No 25, item 150,
Order of 4.08.2004 regarding detailed handling of waste oils – Dz. U. (Journal of Law), No 192, item 1968,
Order of 14.02.2006 regarding the documents templates (forms) used in recording of wastes - Dz. U. (Journal of Law) of 2010, No 249, item 1673,
Order of 27.09.2001 regarding the catalogue of wastes - Dz. U. (Journal of Law) of 2001, No 112, item 1206,
Appendix to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers, No 233 of 29.12.2006, „Krajowy Plan Gospodarki Odpadami 2010” (National Plan for Waste Management 2010”) - Dz. U. (Journal of Law) of 2010, No 101, item 1183.
Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council – Article 21 – Waste oils
keeping the hierarchy of hazardous wastes management, i.e.: prevention – preparation for re-use – recycling (regeneration) – other recovery methods – safe disposal (neutralization),
ensuring the selective collection of waste oils.
Act of 27.04.2001 on Wastes – Article 39
priority of regeneration – hierarchy of waste oils handling – first of all waste oils should be recovered through regeneration understood as any process in which base oils may be produced by means of waste oils refining and, especially, by removal of the contaminants, oxidation products and additives contained in these oils,
if no regeneration of waste oils is possible due to their quality, these oils should be recovered by other processes,
if regeneration or other recovery processes are not possible, a safe disposal/neutralization of waste oils is permitted.
List of waste oils regenerating plants (Article 39, item1a)
The Chief Inspector of the Environmental Protection keeps the register of waste oils regenerating plants. The waste oils regenerating plants of Rafineria Nafty Jedlicze S.A. have been present on this list since 2005 (number 1 of the list).
Economic reasons confirming the priority of regeneration:
waste oils as an alternative source versus virgin crude oil as a feedstock for base oil production protect the non-renewable energy resources,
only half of the energy necessary to produce base oils from virgin crude oil is required to produce the same volume of base oils from regeneration on state-of-the-art regenerating plants,
the increase of the safety of the national economy in the aspect of demand for lubricants in the period of so-called „oil shock”,
the yield of base oils from 1 MT of virgin crude oil totals 150 kg while the yield of base oils from 1 MT of waste/used oils reaches 600 kg.
=================================
如大大認為 Mobil 1 0W-40 太貴
推薦好市多 好市多 COSTCO新機油
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40,汽油引擎車專用機油 一瓶才166元
好市多 COSTCO新機油
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40
取得歐洲車輛汽油引擎車機油,歐洲汽車製造商協會ACEA A3/B4認證(無DPF柴油微粒濾淨裝置的歐洲柴油引擎車輛也可使用)
比一般只取得API SM 甜甜圈,一般為日系美系車廠的機油認證要求
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40不只取得API SM 美國機油認證
更取得歐洲汽車製造商協會 ACEA A3/B4的機油認證也就是德國賓士MB229.5原廠機油認證,其品質更好
MB 229.5機油認證(等同於 ACEA A3/B4機油認證,ACEA 為 歐洲汽車製造商協會，European Automobile Manufacturers' Association 的縮寫)也比一般只有API SM 認證的機油品質好
ACEA 為 歐洲汽車製造商協會，European Automobile Manufacturers' Association 的官網網址如下 http://www.acea.be/協會員為 賓士,BMW,VW福斯汽車,FORD福特,GM,RENAULT,保時潔等歐洲小汽車或大型拖車頭等計汽車製造商,由這些歐洲車廠會員共同開會制定ACEA機油的認證標準及認證等級,然後各會員遵循制開會決定完成的ACEA機油認證標準及認證等級為基礎,稍加修改(ACEA並不執行機油的認證),制定屬於各大歐洲車廠自己的機油認證標準,並且由各大歐洲車廠自己核發,符合車廠本身認證通過的機油品牌及產品名稱名單
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40的機油認證為德國賓士MB-Approval 229.5 (正式取得通過德國賓士原廠MB229.5機油認證,不是廠商號稱符合" meet " 或超越 "exceed") 比舊款機油認證如 MB-Approval 229.3 或 MB-Approval 229.1 甚至於美規 API SM 認證的機油對引擎的保護性更佳
Chevron has made its presence in Taiwan since 1949 being mainly engaged in the sales of Caltex Brand lubricant products and marine lubricants. Besides this, Chevron is also a major supplier for jet refueling services at CKS and Kaohsiung Int'l Airport
所以Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40符合 美系及日系的國產汽油引擎車輛最低的機油標準, API 美國石油協會的甜甜圈認證 ,為機油認證的最低認證門檻
一般國際石油大廠的一百元以下的礦物機油,大都有送API驗證,並取得 API SM的機油甜甜圈認證
所以機油要論品質好壞,要進一步,檢視機油有無符合ACEA(歐洲汽車製造商協會)的機油標準
此瓶機油為了給高性能的歐洲車用,所以也有通過歐洲車輛為主的機油認證ACEA A3/B4-04
根據路博潤的資料 Lubrizol http://www.lubrizol.com/EuropeanEngineOils/A3B408.html
由於 ACEA 只是制定機油的概略標準
實際的機油認證是由各車廠的機油認證標準來執行
所以只要取得下列歐洲車廠的機油認證,就是符合 ACEA A3/B4歐洲車用機油標準
ACEA為歐洲汽車製造商協會 (ACEA-Association des Constructeurs) 的縮寫
Depending upon the viscosity grade blended, ACEA A3/B4 is usually coupled with a range of OEM specifications including:
各位大大可以從上方的比較可知 AECA與API SM的差異
ACEA 機油測試的轉速比API SM 來的高
所以歐洲地區以外的區域,汽車使用含硫量高的汽油或柴油
有ACEA A3 認證的機油可以15000公里或一年(兩者擇一,先到達條件者,先行執行更換機油),換一次機油
API SM 甜甜圈認證的機油,可以 7500公里或一年(兩者擇一,先到達條件者,先行執行更換機油),換一次機油
符合 API SM的機油可以7500公里或一年時間換一次機油
,在台灣安全係數取大一點,可以提早5000公里或一年時間換一次機油
符合 ACEA A3/B3 或 ACEA A3/B4 可以15000公里或一年時間換一次機油
,在台灣安全係數取大一點,可以提早 10000公里或一年時間換一次機油
德國賓士 Daimler AG 的官網上聲明
官方認證的機油為最適合您的車輛
官方推薦車主使用 賓士官方認證的機油
如未使用官方認證的機油導致引擎受損,不保固
認證的機油資料會隨時更新 請上官網查詢
We recommend using exclusively the products in the following lists that have been checked and approved by Mercedes-Benz.
• Because design parts and operating fluids are tailored to one another,
• damages that occur due to the usage of non-approved operating fluids are not covered by the warranty.
The approval by Mercedes-Benz is noted on the containers, for engine oils: e.g.: MB-Approval 229.51.
技術文件說明 MB 229.5的特性
Sheet 229.5 (multigrade oils)
These low>viscosity engine oils are approved for specific passenger
car engines
(model series 100, model series 200, model series 600), commercial
vehicle engines from the passenger car area
(Model series 100, model series 200, model series 600) and
industrial engines from the passenger car area (model series 100,
model series 200, model series 600)
For use see Sheet 223.2.
The requirements for an approval of these engine oils are listed in
the table "Mercedes>Benz specifications for engine oils (service
fill)". The basic requirements of ACEA A3>04 and B4>04 apply to
these engine oils. Beyond this are the more comprehensive
specifications of Daimler AG.
通過MB229.5認證的機油與 通過 MB229.3 和MB229.1的機油其差異為
Compared with Sheet 229.1 and 229.3 the engine oils are
characterized by:
1. highest quality (with regard to wear and cleanliness) for
approved passenger car engine oils
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油品質(機油的抗引擎磨損與清潔性方面),比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油品質更高
2. even further improved fuel saving potential
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油提供的省油效果,比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油更好
3. potential for even longer oil change intervals (in
combination with new oil filter elements)
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油,換機油周期,比 通過MB229.3或 MB229.1機油認證的機油更長(必須搭配新型材質的機油濾清器)
4. further improved environmental compatibility
通過MB229.5機油認證的機油,比 MB229.3 MB229.1的機油更環保
取得賓士MB229.5認證的機油品牌黏度產品名稱可在下列官網查閱 http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/be ... .5&suchbegriff=.
有MB229.5認證的機油品牌如
Aral SuperSynth 0W-40
BP Visco 7000 M 0W-30
Castrol Edge 0W-30
Castrol Edge 0W-40
Chevron Supreme Synthetic Motor Oil 5W-40
elf EXCELLIUM 0W-30
Mobil 1 0W-40
Shell Helix Ultra 5W-40
Total Quartz 9000 Energy 5W-40
...
機油品質由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油售價由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油換油里程由長至短排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油品質由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油售價由高至低排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油換油里程由長至短排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1>>API SM
機油保護引擎抗磨損性能(Wear)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油防止油泥產生(Sludge)由佳至優排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油防止活塞積碳(Piston deposits)由佳至優排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油耐高溫抗氧化減緩機油變黏稠(Oxidative thickening)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 = MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
機油省油效果(Fuel economy)由優至劣排列為 MB229.5 > MB229.3 > MB229.1 >>API SM
所以不要再花大錢買低階或沒有MB229.X 認證的機油或API SM 的機油
選用MB229.5認證的機油才是聰明又環保的選擇
德國賓士的技術文件 Sheet 215.0
Use of lubricating oils http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/do ... 0.40-P-0215-00A.pdf
1. Brand name, viscosity class and oil quality
Details on the specified type and quality of oil are included in
Sheets 221.0, 223.1/.2 and 231.0 to 231.3.
The brand name clearly defines the product, the oil qualities are
clearly specified. The designations on the lubricant containers
must therefore accurately match the brand names approved by us.
文中另一段話如下
The approval is canceled whenever changes are made to the tested product.
通過 MB229.5機油認證的機油及其他認證的油品,一但改變配方,認證立即取消,更證明了
有MB229.5認證的機油配方不會輕易改變,一改變就要重新送賓士認證了!
所以
CHEVRON DELO 400LE 比較適合柴油引擎配備DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter 柴油微粒濾淨裝置)
CHEVRON DELO 400LE 此油也有API SM 認證,美系及日系的國產汽油引擎車輛用機油標準,因此國產車的使用手冊,如無特別要求機油規範,一般國產的汽油引擎車輛也可以使用,
CHEVRON DELO 400LE 包裝為
一大瓶 ,一瓶1加侖gallon裝 約 3.8 升
API SM與 ACEA A3/B4的差別
點擊下圖可放大
根據上圖GM的資料,取得API SM
認證的機油,可以 7500公里或一年(兩者擇一,先到達條件者,先行執行更換機油),換一次機油,
機油取得 ACEA A3/B3, ACEA A3/B4 的機油則可以延長至 15000 公里或一年(兩者擇一,先到達條件者,先行執行更換機油),換一次機油
符合 API SM的機油可以7500公里或一年時間換一次機油
,在台灣安全係數取大一點,可以提早5000公里或一年時間換一次機油
符合 ACEA A3/B3 或 ACEA A3/B4 可以15000公里或一年時間換一次機油
,在台灣安全係數取大一點,可以提早 10000公里或一年時間換一次機油
因此汽油引擎車用機油,選用取得相當於 ACEA A3/B3, ACEA A3/B4 的歐洲車廠機油認證
會比單獨取得API SM認證的機油來的佳!
礦物油
Group I 第一類基礎油約 1塊美金
Group II 第二類基礎油約 1.05塊美金
Group III 第三類基礎油約 1.5塊美金
合成油
Group IV 第四類基礎油約 2.5~3塊美金
Group v 第五類基礎油約 5~10塊美金
Steps To Hydrocracking
Since the early 1900s, simple distillation of crude petroleum has been the primary means of separating hydrocarbons based on their boiling point, corresponding molecular size and viscosity. This distillation has commonly been supplemented since the 1930s by solvent extraction for removal of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds, as well as some condensed ring aromatics.
Following initial refining with hydrogen in the 1930s, Gulf Oil eventually built three severe lubricant hydrocrackers by 1972, but focused on producing environmentally improved gasoline and diesel fuel. It is only in recent years that Chevron took a major step forward by developing high-pressure hydrocracking units for lubricant production and licensed the technology to Petro-Canada and Conoco. Additional hydrocracking units are also being added at refineries in Asia, Europe and the United States.
Chevron 雪彿龍石油公司進一步技術發展,把高壓加氫裂解煉油設備應用在潤滑油上,並授權此技術給
Petro-Canada加拿大石油公司 http://www.petro-canada.ca/default.aspx及
Conoco 康菲石油公司美國第三大石油公司(僅次於ExxonMobil 及Chevron) http://www.conocophillips.com/EN/Pages/index.aspx</font>
Super High performance Diesel(縮寫SHPD)
超級性能 Low SPAsh 低灰份柴油引擎用機油適合柴油引擎配備DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter 柴油微粒濾淨裝置)
ACEA E9 / API CJ-4 / MB228.31 此三種為同一等級
Ultra High performance Diesel(縮寫UHPD)
終級性能 Low SPAsh 低灰份柴油引擎用機油適合柴油引擎配備DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter 柴油微粒濾淨裝置)
ACEA E6 / MB228.51 /MAN 3477 此三種為同一等級
資料來源為LUBRIZOL
CHEVRON DELO® 400 LE SYNTHETIC 比較適合柴油引擎配備DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter 柴油微粒濾淨裝置)
汽油引擎車的大大們 建議使用好市多的新機油
Chevron Supreme Synthetic 5W-40,汽油引擎車專用全合成機油 此油有比API SM 認證更好的
歐洲汽車製造商協會 ACEA A3/B4同等級認證的 賓士MB 229.5 原廠汽油引擎用機油認證
可參考此主題,日系或美系車使用效果更佳
Chevron Delo 400 LE Synthetic
SAE 5W-40 is a 100% synthetic engine---->跟據原廠資料,這一瓶是全合成機油,提供給樓上大大參考
oil which exceeds industry and engine
manufacturers’ performance requirements.
Why was the new API CJ-4 oil performance category developed?
The new API CJ-4 performance category was developed to address both the unique needs of new engines and to protect older engines while enhancing the life of emission control systems as required for regulatory compliance. In order to meet new emission standards for new heavy-duty engines starting January 2007, engines will be equipped with advanced emission control technologies, including diesel particulate filters (DPF) and in most cases exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). API CJ-4 was designed to ensure that the DPF cleaning did not occur before the 150,000 mile mark mandated by the EPA, and to improve oxidation to combat the increased EGR rates over the 2002 engines.
跟據上文
API CJ-4 的規範 就是因應2007年起,北美地區柴油引擎車輛新車及舊式車輛,因應美國環保局 (EPA) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 制定的環保法規要求, 車輛全面加裝排氣控制系統,其系統元件包含diesel particulate filters (DPF) 及exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).所設立的柴油車用機油認證.
通過 API CJ-4認證的機油,API CJ-4 規範硫酸鹽灰(Sulphated Ash) ,磷(Phosphorus) , 硫(Sulphur) 在機油中的含量,以確保24萬公里 (150,000 mile)內都不用清理DPF裝置
Ash, phosphorus, and sulphur, which are commonly found in the exhaust of internal combustion engines, can cause damage to aftertreatment devices. The following explains how each of these substances can affect exhaust aftertreatment devices.
How ash affects exhaust aftertreatment devices?
Ash in the exhaust can:
Block filters (DPF, CRT) - Ash from the lubricant can potentially block the pores of the diesel particulate filter, leading to an increase in back pressure. This can have a detrimental impact on fuel consumption and power. Furthermore, reactions with the ash in the filter and high temperatures can lead to permanent filter substrate cracking. The general use of lubricants that create ash increases the cost of manufacturing DPFs and CRT because these devices require larger filters to compensate for ash blockage.
How phosphorus affects exhaust aftertreatment devices
Phosphorus in the exhaust can:
Deactivate catalysts (three-way catalytic converters, Lean NOx trap, DeNOx catalyst, DOC, CRT, SCR, and cDPF) - Phosphorus can reduce the efficiency of catalysts in exhaust aftertreatment systems. Catalysts used in these exhaust aftertreatment devices include noble metals such as platinum, rhodium, or palladium. Phosphorus can deactivate these devices by forming deposits that block the active noble metal sites, causing irreversible damage that accumulates over time. When a catalyst is "poisoned" by phosphorus, it is no longer able to convert harmful emissions with the same efficiency for which it was designed.
How sulphur affects exhaust aftertreatment devices
Sulphur in the exhaust can:
• Block NOx storage sites (NOx traps) - The catalyst in a lean NOx trap will absorb sulphur oxides (SOx) preferentially to NOx. If absorbed, the SOx block the catalyst sites and reduces the efficiency of the NOx conversion to nitrogen gas.
• Increase sulphate particles (DOC, CRT, SCR, cDPF) - The oxidation catalysts used in DOC, CRT, SCR, and cDPF can increase the conversion of sulphur oxides to sulphates, which increases particulate emissions.
• Desensitize the catalyst (Lean NOx traps, SCR) - When sulphur oxides block lean NOx traps they must be removed. However, the high temperatures required to remove them can desensitise the catalyst. SCR catalysts can also be fouled by sulphates if they form ammonium sulphate at very low exhaust temperatures
有些DPFs另外再搭配Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs) http://www.lubrizol.com/CJ-4Cour ... s1.htm?PsSupport-04
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs)
DOC devices are used to remove organic particulates (which come from unburned fuel and oil), hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide from diesel exhaust. DOCs use catalysts like platinum or palladium to promote the oxidation of organic particulates, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO), thereby converting them to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.
The lower levels of ash, sulfur, and phosphorus in Chevron Delo 400 LE enable the use of exhaust after-treatment devices like DPFs and diesel oxidation catalysts, which can be negatively affected by chemicals found in lubricating oil. http://www.whbreshears.com/accou ... Delo%20400%20LE.pdf
SCRT系統機油要求
Engine Oil
Low ash oils are recommended to maintain the filter service interval and optimal SCRT® performance.
■Use only engine oil with a sulphur content of less than 7,000 ppm.
■Ensure engine oil consumption is within engine manufacturers limits, typically less than 1 litre per 1,000km.
During normal operation, ash, which is an incombustible material (mainly the residues of burnt engine oil), can gradually build up in the filter. This is removed by regular servicing.
Chevron 在台灣1949年開始是以 CALTEX (嘉德市)的品牌名稱賣潤滑油並提供桃園國際機場及高雄國際機場的飛機燃料的供應商之一
Chevron has made its presence in Taiwan since 1949 being mainly engaged in the sales of Caltex Brand lubricant products and marine lubricants. Besides this, Chevron is also a major supplier for jet refueling services at CKS and Kaohsiung Int'l Airport
Ford Formula F 5W-30
德國當地一瓶一公升售價3.7歐元換算成台幣一瓶約台幣155元 http://www.oeldepot24.de/catalog ... 0f2ee162d62900250fd
機油認證為
ACEA A1/B1
API - SL
FORD 機油認證 WSS-M2C913-A
FORD 機油認證 WSS-M2C913- B
FORD 機油認證 WSS-M2C913-C
一瓶售價3.7歐元
一歐元兌換約42元台幣
3.7X42=155元台幣
德國當地一瓶一公升售價155元台幣
Aral Supertronic 5W-30 LONG LIFE III
德國當地一瓶一公升售價6歐元換算成台幣一瓶約台幣252元 http://www.oeldepot24.de/catalog ... 0f2ee162d62900250fd
機油認證為
ACEA A3/B3, A3/B4, C3
VW-Norm 504 00 und 507 00
一瓶售價6歐元
一歐元兌換約42元台幣
6X42=252元台幣
德國當地一瓶一公升售價252元台幣
Shell Helix Ultra Extra 5W-30
德國當地一瓶5公升售37.6歐元換算成台幣一瓶一公升約台幣316元 http://www.oeldepot24.de/catalog ... 0f2ee162d62900250fd
機油認證為
ACEA C2/C3 (A3/B3/B4)
Peugeot
Renault (nicht für Motoren die ein Öl der Viskositätslage XW-40 benötigen)
BMW Longlife04
Chrysler MS-11106
Mercedes Benz MB229.51/ MB229.31
VW 504 00/507 00
一瓶5公升售價37.6歐元
一公升約7.52歐元
一歐元兌換約42元台幣
7.52X42=316元台幣
德國當地一瓶一公升售價316元台幣
機油認證為
ACEA C2/C3, ACEA A3/B3, ACEA A3/B4; API CF
ACEA A5/B5; API SL/SM
VW 504 00 / 507 00; MB-Approval 229.31/229.51; BMW Longlife 04
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles E/D
一瓶售價7.3歐元
一歐元兌換約42元台幣
7.3X42=306元台幣
德國當地一瓶一公升售價306元台幣
In 1994 the refinery was taken over by the German H&R Group and was renamed SRS - Schmierstoffraffinerie Salzbergen GmbH (“Lubricant Refinery Salzbergen”). They have continued to regularly invest in the refinery's specialization in lubricants and its top-notch technology. Today, as a result, <font color="#FF0000">they do not only produce their own brand SRS, but also many major lubricant brands trust them with the blending and bottling of their motor oils and gear oils.</font>
上文中提到,德國SRS不斷投資新的石化煉油設備,除了經營自己 SRS 機油品牌,並且為德國當地的主要機油品牌提供代工機油製造和機油裝瓶服務
文中提到(此文為google自動翻譯提供參考)
Lubricant refinery Salzbergen GmbH (1994-2000)
前文..略
The mixing and filling operations of the refinery since the sale also to the service provider for other companies in the industry. <font color="#FF0000">In 1996, the Company entered into a service contract with the Aral Lubricants GmbH & Co. KG on the mixing and filling a large part of its automotive and industrial lubricants. </font> The mixing and bottling plant was converted for this purpose in one's own society, SRS LubeBlending GmbH.
德國WIKIPEDIA上的資料上文提到SRS - Schmierstoffraffinerie Salzbergen GmbH 1996年時取得代工合約,幫Aral Lubricants GmbH & Co代工混製並裝瓶大部份的汽車及工業用油品
看看德國的SRS煉油廠(歐洲最早商業化使用加氫裂解處理技術並且為歐洲第一大規模的煉油廠)早在1961年就用加氫裂解處理來提煉基礎油 http://www.hansen-rosenthal.de/p ... rate_brochure_e.pdf
The replacement of the sulphuric acid refining process which had, previously been in use, and which has many disadvantages, by an environmentally friendly hydrogenating procedure was
a pioneering development in Salzbergen: the first large-scale plant in Europe for the hydrogenating refinement of lubrication oil commenced operation in 1961.
工廠簡介
Transnational Blenders B.V. took over the lubricant factory of I.C.P.A. in 1999. After an investment of approximately 30 millions euro in the past 6 years the production of the factory has increased since the end of 2005. The current production capacity is 120.000 mt per year. Customers such as AGIP, GULF and other well known brands, are mainly responsable for this rise in production.
Business
Socaz Holding is a Dutch lubricant manufacturing company internationally operating through its subsidiaries De Oliebron and Kroon-Oil, and is one of the larger international independent Dutch lubricating oil companies. The company operates a fully integrated business model through its private label/toll lubricants manufacturing company de Oliebron and branded-lubricants sales and marketing company Kroon-Oil. De Oliebron has a total of almost 700 active lube oil formulations in its systems and over 18,000 grade-pack combinations. Socaz has especially strong presence in semi and full synthetic lubricants, the growth segment of the market.
Development
In December 2006 GEM Benelux together with management acquired Socaz Holding through a management buy-out from Royal Dutch Shell. The company is expected to benefit from the ongoing rationalization at major oil companies leading to an increase in outsourced lubricant volumes to niche players like Socaz. The company will focus on the semi and full synthetic lubricant products and will further optimize its product mix.
In January 2008, Kroon-Oil acquired all of the shares of Putoline Oil BV. Putoline is a leading brand in motorcycle lubricants with a long history dating back to 1970. The brand is renowned for its superior quality, its attractive products and complete range of products. The Putoline brand perfectly complements Kroon-Oil’s current product offering. Kroon-Oil is predominately focused on automotive lubricants, while Putoline is focused on motorcycle lubricants. In January 2010, Kroon-Oil successfully acquired VAT Oil. This acquisition provides Kroon-Oil entrance to the Eastern-European market where the business currently has a limited exposure. VAT Oil is a well know brand in the Eastern European market.
Early 2011 GEM Benelux was approached by Cipelia SAS, a privately owned French company that specializes in the production and sale of lubricants. In May 2011 Socaz was successfully exited.
During the warm>up phase, e.g. with mainly city>center
traffic and low oil temperatures, fuel savings are possible with
low>friction oils. With increasing distances, the fuel savings effect
is reduced. 這些低黏度的機油,只有在汽車發動後於引擎暖車階段,如市區短程行駛的時候,才能夠發揮省油的效用,當行車距離愈長,低黏度的機油省油的效果會降低
In addition, the additional costs of these products in turn can
consume potential fuel savings to some extent (cost/benefit
ratio).另一方面這些低黏度的機油的省油效果,與這些低黏度的機油售價不成比例,C/P值過低,所以不推薦使用低黏度的機油
Different products, different protection mechanisms?
It is not just different colors that distinguish the products in the GlysantinR range. Rather it is the different packages of additives and inhibitors, each of which is tailored to the different cooling system requirements and the materials used in the cooling systems.
Basically, there are three different technologies in use today:
Hybrid coolants (usually greenish-blue)
Here, to put it simply, inorganic and organic inhibitors are responsible for protecting against corrosion.
BMW, Mercedes and a few other automotive manufacturers, including vehicles made by the VW Group up until 1996, use this type of coolant.*
The corresponding BASF products are:
GlysantinR G48R
GlysantinR G05R
OAT coolants (usually reddish-violet)
Here, organic salts are responsible for protecting against corrosion.
Opel, PSA and vehicles made by the VW Group up until 2007 work with this technology. The coolants used in most Japanese vehicles are very similar to this technology.
Si-OAT coolants of the latest generation (usually reddish-violet)
As a result of completely different manufacturing processes, these combine the advantages of hybrid and OAT in a coolant with improved protection against corrosion. In 2008, all types of vehicles counted under the VW Group were changed over to this new technology on the production lines; some models with large engines were even changed over slightly earlier (vehicles built from 2006). So always pay very close attention to the manufacturer's instructions.
The corresponding BASF product is:
GlysantinR G40R
What happens if the wrong coolant is used or if coolants are mixed?
The wrong coolant in the wrong vehicle can gradually lead to serious damage to the water pump, radiator, hoses and cylinder head gasket. In the worst case, this can in turn cause damage to the engine.
If different coolants are mixed together, the different additive packages can interfere with each other's performance, resulting in considerably poorer protection against corrosion.
Intervals between changes
Corrosion inhibitors, pH buffers etc. get used up and age over time. That is why we recommend a complete change of coolant every 3-4 years.
It is also strongly advisable to clean the cooling system and change the coolant completely whenever repairs are carried out to the cooling system and parts replaced, in order to prevent foreign matter (rust, dirt, particles) from remaining in the system and causing damage.
Engine coolants and the automotive manufacturers' warranties
Officially approved coolants can be replaced or changed during the warranty period without affecting the automotive manufacturer's warranty.
However, if unapproved coolants are used during the warranty period, this can lead to immediate forfeiture of rights to claim under an automotive manufacturer's warranty.
FUSCH 2001年 時本來與德國上游的DEA石化煉油業者合作
成立德國FUCHS LUBRICANTS DEA GmbH & Co
後來德國DEA的煉油部們和德國 DEA 加油站,加入了德國殼牌,另外在成立了Shell & DEA Oil GmbH
2002年德國 DEA 完全並入德國殼牌 SHELL,DEA加入全球殼牌SHELL的營運之列
德國DEA改名為RWE現今只專注於上游事業,只做原油開採及石化煉油廠的經營 http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/de/53846/rwe-dea/
API SA
Regular engine oils, possibly with Stockpunktverbesserern and / or foam inhibitors.
API SB
Mild-alloy engine oils for gasoline engines with low stress agents against aging, corrosion and wear. Since 1930.
API SC
Gasoline engine oils for moderate operating conditions, with active ingredients to coking, cold sludge, aging, corrosion and wear. Meets the requirements of the U.S. car manufacturers for vehicles from 1964 to 1967.
API SD
Gasoline engine oils to API for SC higher operating conditions. Meets the requirements of the U.S. car manufacturers for vehicles from 1968 to 1971.
API SE
Engine oils for very high standards and strong constraints on petrol (Stop-and-go traffic). Meets the requirements of the U.S. car manufacturers for vehicles from 1971-1979. API covers SD; is about FORD M2C-9001-AA, GM 6136 M, and MIL-L-46 152 A.
API SF
Engine oils for very high standards and strong constraints on petrol (Stop-and-go traffic) and some trucks. Meets the requirements of the U.S. car manufacturers for vehicles from 1980 to 1987. Exceeds API SE in relation to oxidation stability, wear protection and Schlammtragevermögen. Meets FORD SSM-2C-9011 A (M2C-153-B), GM 6048-M and MIL-L-46 152 B.
API SG
Engine oils for the highest requirements, with specific tests for oxidation stability and sludge formation. Meets the requirements of the U.S. car manufacturers 1987 - 1993. Requirements similar to the MIL-L-46 152 D.
API SH
Specification for engine oils, which have come on the market since 1993. API SH must be reviewed under the CMA Code of Practice. API SH broadly API SG, concerning additional requirements HTHS, evaporation loss (ASTM test and Noack), filterability, foam behavior and flash point. API SH also meets ILSAC GF-1 without fuel-economy test and the difference is that multigrade 15W-X-authorized.
API SJ
Successor to API classification SH. Stricter requirements for evaporation loss. Valid from 10/96.
API SL
Successor classifications to API SJ.
API SM
Latest API specifications, valid since 10/2004. Stricter requirements: ILSAC GF-4, reduced SAPS share (sulfate ash-phosphorus-sulfur content), EC (Energy Conserving) and ESP (Emission System Protection).
Diesel engines (commercial categories):
API CA
Motor oils for gasoline and easily claimed self-priming diesel engines operated on low sulfur fuels. Meets MIL-L-2104 A. Suitable for motors up to the 50's.
API CB
Engine oils for light to medium loads gasoline and self-priming diesel engines that are operated with sulfur-rich fuels. Meets DEF D 2101 and MIL-L-2104 A. Suitable for engines from 1949th Provide protection against high temperature deposits and bearing corrosion.
API CC
Engine oils for moderate to severe operating conditions in gasoline and diesel engines. Meets MIL-L-2104 C. Provides protection against cold sludge, corrosion and high temperature deposits. 1961.
API CD
Motor oils for diesel engines and heavy loads without charge. Covered MIL-L-45 199 B, meets MIL-L-2104 C. Concerns requirements of CATERPILLAR Series from 3.
API CD II
Meets API CD met, but also the requirements of the American two-stroke diesel engines. Increased protection against wear and deposits.
API CE
Engine oils for heavy loads and high speed diesel engines with and without charge, the often highly variable loads. Increased protection against Öleindickung and wear, improved piston cleanliness. In addition to the API CD specifications CUMMINS NTC 400 and Mack EO-K / must be met 2. For American Motors from 1983.
API CF
Replaced from 1994 API CD for supercharged diesel engines. High ash content. Suitable for sulfur contents> 0.5%.
API CF-2
Only for two-stroke diesel engines. Replaced from 1994 API CD II
API CF-4
Since 1990, engine oil specification for high-speed four-stroke diesel engines. Covers the requirements of API CE, supplemented by requirements for oil consumption and piston cleanliness. Low ash content.
API CG-4
For highly loaded truck engines. Considering EPA emission limits after 1994. Replaced from June 1994 API CF-4.
API CH-4
Replaced from December 1998 API CG-4. Suitable for sulfur contents> 0.5%.
API CI-4
Valid since 2002. Meets in 2004, which came into force in U.S. emissions standards for trucks. Suitable for fuel sulfur content ≥ 0.5%.
API CI-4 Plus
Such as API CI-4, but with better Rußtragevermögen and lower viscosity increase, demonstrate, in the Mack T11 test.
API CJ-4
Effective since 2006, with road vehicles with engines that meet 2007 U.S. emission standard for use of diesel fuel max. 500 ppm sulfur. Suitable for exhaust aftertreatment systems such as particulate traps and SCR catalyst.
All engines (Energy Conserving):
(API EC 1)
(Min. 1.5% fuel saving compared to an SAE 20W-30 reference oil in 82'er Buick sedan VG, 3.8 liter, SEQ VI-Test)
(API EC 2)
(How API EC 1, but min. 2.7% fuel saving)
API EC
Replaces API EC 1 & 2 Only in conjunction with API SJ. Fuel savings: 0W-20, 5W-20> 1.4%, 0W-XX, 5W-XX> 1.1%, 10W-XX, other> 0.5%, SEQ VI A-Test: 93'er Ford V8 , 4.6 liter, reference oil 5W-30.
3rd ILSAC specification
ILSAC, the International Lubricant Specification and Approval Committee, represents the American and Japanese car manufacturers. Since 1990 publishes ILSAC specifications for fuel-efficient motor oils. The motor power is based on the API classes and the fuel-efficient properties with American methods, SEQ VI, SEQ VI A and VI B SEQ demonstrated. Currently, only SAE 0W-, 5W-10W and classified according to ILSAC motor oil-XX.
ILSAG GF-1
Meets API SH with fuel savings in SEQ VI-Test 2.7%, no longer valid.
ILSAG GF-2
Meets API SJ with fuel savings of 0.5% to 1.4% in the SEQ VI A-test, depending on the viscosity grade, no longer valid.
ILSAG GF-3
Meets API SL with fuel savings of up to 2.0% in the SEQ VI B test.
ILSAC GF-4
Meets API SM fuel savings of up to 2.3% in the SEQ VI B test.
ILSAC GF-5
Currently under development, deployment planned in the near future.
4th GLOBAL specification
These specifications were developed in cooperation of the American, European and Japanese bodies (ACEA, EMA and JAMA) and summarize the local requirements in a specification, scheduled for worldwide use.
GLOBAL DHD-1
Comparable to API Specification CH-4, for heavy duty vehicles. Also suitable for diesel fuel with high sulfur content.
GLOBAL DLD-1
Specification for vans and passenger car diesel engines, performance ACEA A3/B3 about, basic requirement.
GLOBAL DLD-2
Specification for vans and passenger car diesel engines with slightly higher requirements than DLD-1 and fuel savings.
GLOBAL DLD-3
Highest specification for vans and passenger car diesel engines with the performance levels of ACEA A3/B4.
5th JASO specification
These specifications have been published by the JASO (Japanese Automotive Standards Organization) for use in diesel engines. These requirements are not comparable with API or ACEA.
JASO DH-1
For vehicle diesel engines without aftertreatment, even if sulfur fuel used.
JASO DH-2
For commercial vehicle diesel engines with exhaust treatment, only diesel fuel with less than 50 ppm sulfur.
JASO DL-1
For diesel engines in vans and cars with exhaust gas treatment, especially particulate filter. There are fuel-saving features such as ACEA A1/B1 required.
6th ACEA specification
Due to internal differences, the CCMC has been dissolved. The successor states of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association. In the interim period were more the CCMC specifications. The first published in 1996, ACEA specifications are updated in rotation. Therefore, there are years additions and issue numbers to the various classifications (eg ACEA A2-96 lssue 3; ACEA B4-02). For reasons of clarity, these are not listed in a row.
Petrol engines (valid until 2004):
ACEA A1
Category of so-called fuel-economy engine oils with very low high-temperature high-shear viscosity (<3.5 mPas). Preferred viscosity classes XW XW-30 and-20. In a Mercedes-test engine (M 111) must be compared to a 15W-40 reference oil is a fuel saving ≥ 2.5% are shown.
ACEA A2
Category of conventional and economy oil.
ACEA A3
Category of conventional and economy oil with higher requirements than ACEA A2. Exceeds ACEA A2 regarding Noack (evaporation), piston cleanliness and oxidation stability.
ACEA A5
Testers as ACEA A3, but with proven fuel savings and lowered HTHS viscosity.
Passenger car diesel engines (valid until 2004):
ACEA B1
Category for fuel-economy engine oils with very low high-temperature high-shear viscosity (corresponding to ACEA A1). In a Mercedes-test engine (M 111) must be compared to a 15W-40 reference oil is a fuel saving ≥ 2 5% will be demonstrated.
ACEA B2
Category conventional economy oil.
ACEA B3
Category conventional economy oil. Exceeds ACEA B2 about cam wear, piston cleanliness and viscosity stability with soot.
ACEA B4
Category for Direkteinspritzerdieselmotoren (TDI). Otherwise performance as ACEA B3.
ACEA B5
Testers as ACEA B4. Lowered HTHS viscosity and proven fuel savings.
Commercial vehicle diesel engines (valid until 2004):
The ACEA commercial vehicle categories for diesel engine oils are based closely on the Mercedes-Benz pages.
ACEA E1
Very similar to the recent CCMC D 4
ACEA E2
Based largely on MB 228.1. In addition, Mack T8 Test is required.
ACEA E3
Based largely on MB 228.3. In addition, Mack T8 Test is required.
ACEA E4
Based largely on MB 228.5. No engine OM 364 LA test, but Mack T8 or T8E, longest oil change intervals recommended for Euro 3 engines.
ACEA E5
Quality level between ACEA E3 and E4, good for Euro 3 engines.
In November 2004 a new ACEA classification was introduced. The specification will now be taken for cars with gasoline and diesel engines in combination.
Passenger car gasoline and diesel engines (valid from 2004):
ACEA A1/B1
Category of so-called fuel economy engine oils with very low high-temerature-high shear viscosity. For XW-20 is 2.6 to 3.5 mPas HTHS, all others from 2.9 to 3.5 mPas. Conforms to the old specifications A1 and B1 to supplement with additional new engine tests.
ACEA A2/B2
Basic requirement. Will be replaced by the specification GLOBAL DLD-1.
ACEA A3/B3
Category for high performance and economy oil. Exceeds ACEA A1/B1 regarding Noack (evaporation), piston cleanliness and oxidation stability. Longer intervals are possible.
ACEA A3/B4
How A3/B3, but also for direct injection diesel engines.
ACEA A5/B5
Category for high-performance motor oils. For direct injection diesel engines with fuel-economy performance. In addition, with reduced HTHS viscosity (2.9 to 3.5 mPas). Longer intervals are possible.
Passenger car diesel engines:
In addition, a further classification appears, is in the sulphate ash, phosphorus and sulfur (SAPS) is restricted.
ACEA C1
Based largely on the ACEA A5/B5 testers. Strong limitation of the SAPS share. HTHS low viscosity of> 2.9 mPas.
ACEA C2
As C1, but admitted, somewhat higher SAPS-shares (as in C3).
ACEA C3
As C2, but HTHS> 3.5 and without Fuel-Economy performance.
ACEA C4
In preparation, SAPS shares as C3, HTHS viscosity as C1.
Commercial vehicle diesel engines:
ACEA E2
Remains. Wear test at a new test engine.
(ACEA E3)
Was withdrawn, but in many cases more than SHPD engine oil use.
ACEA E4
Based on E4.
ACEA E6
Based on E4 with SAPS limits and varying wear test. In addition, Mack T10 test is required.
ACEA E7
Based on the already known E5 with a Mack T10 engine test instead Mack T9.
7th Vendor Shares
About the item specifications, there are still producers who require their own tests.
BMW
Special
For gasoline engines, diesel engines built before 1998 or
Long Life 98
For special gasoline from 1998
Long Life 01
For special gasoline engines from model year 09/2001
Long Life 01 FE
Level of quality Long Life 01, but with reduced HTHS viscosity for improved fuel economy.
Long Life 04
For vehicles with gasoline engines and diesel engines with particulate filter from built in 2004.
CATERPILLAR
ECF-1
Motor oil with API CH-4 or CI-4 with additional CAT 1P-Test. The sulfate ash content should be below 1.3%, at most, 1.5% sulfate ash possible.
ECF-2
Will replace ECF-1 and represents motor oil to API CH-4 required with additional CAT C-13 test as in API CJ-4, min. 1% sulfate ash.
ECF-3
Motor oil to API CJ-4 with increased limits. CATERPILLAR engines for the 2007 EPA emissions standards.
CUMMINS
CES 20 071
Engine oil for use worldwide, according to API performance CH-4/SJ, GLOBAL DHD-1.
CES 20 072
How CES 20 071 but in addition, ACEA E5 performance.
CES 20 075
Minimum quality for the medium-sized engines without EGR to API CF-4, ACEA E3, GLOBAL DH-1.
CES 20 076
Quality motor oil for high performance engines without EGR in North America, API CH-4 performance with additional CUMMINS M11-test.
CES 20 077
Quality motor oil for high performance engines without EGR outside the U.S., plus additional performance ACEA E5 CUMMINS M11-test.
CES 20 078
For all engines with EGR, performance API CI-4.
DAF
HP 1
Specification with additional requirements at a low viscosity (SAE XW-30). Quality ACEA E3/E5.
HP 2
Specification with additional requirement for an extended change interval in combination with a low viscosity.
FORD
M2C912-A1
Engine oils for passenger car gasoline and diesel engines except 1.9 TDI diesel (Ford Galaxy) and 1.4 TDCI (Ford Fiesta). Initial operation and service oil from 1996. Quality ACEA A1/B1.
M2C913-A
Engine oils for passenger car gasoline and diesel engines except 1.9 TDI diesel (Ford Galaxy) and 1.4 TDCI (Ford Fiesta). Initial operation and service oil from 1998. ACEA A1/B1 and FORD-quality in-house testing.
M2C913-B
Motor Oils for 1.4 TDCI engines (Ford Fiesta).
M2C913-C
Motor oils for all vehicles, the 913-B or-A call. Fuel-efficient.
M2C917-A
Motor Oils for 1.9 TDI diesel engines (Ford Galaxy).
M2C934-A
For diesel engines with diesel particulate filter, corresponds to ACEA C1.
MAN
MAN 270
Single-range engine oils for supercharged and turbocharged diesel engines.
MAN 271
Multigrade engine oils for supercharged and turbocharged diesel engines.
MAN M 3275
SHPD engine oils (Super High Performance Diesel) for all diesel engines and extended drain intervals to 45,000 km.
MAN M 3277
UHPD engine oils (Ultra-High Performance Diesel) for all diesel engines and extended drain intervals to 80,000 km.
MAN M 3477
MHPD engine oils (mega-high-performance diesel) for truck engines with exhaust gas treatment. Low ash content required.
MAN M 3271
Engine oil for engines that run on gas (natural gas, propane or butane).
Mercedes-Benz
226.9 MB
Multigrade engine oils for gas engines (CNG), based on BR 300/400.
227.0 MB
Single-range motor oils for diesel engines (BR 600) without charge.
227.1 MB
Multigrade engine oils for diesel engines (BR 600) without charge.
228.0 MB
Single-range engine oils for turbocharged diesel engines, oil change intervals to 30,000 km.
228.1 MB
Multigrade engine oils for turbocharged diesel engines, oil change intervals to 30,000 km.
228.2 MB
Mono-SHPD engine oils for supercharged diesel engines.
228.3 MB
SHPD engine oils for supercharged diesel engines, longer oil change intervals to 45,000 km.
228.5 MB
UHPD engine oils for supercharged diesel engines, longer oil change intervals in the lightweight class and 45,000 miles. In the heavy class, up to 160,000 km are possible (service indicator).
228.51 MB
UHPD engine oils for truck engines with exhaust gas treatment. Low ash content required.
229.1 MB
Engine oils for cars (petrol and diesel engines). Increased requirements to ACEA A2/A3 and B2/B3.
229.3 MB
Engine oils for passenger cars (requirements as 229.1) with extended drain intervals (15000-20000 km).
229.31 MB
Engine oils for passenger car engines with exhaust gas treatment. Low ash content required.
229.5 MB
Fuel-saving engine oil for longer change intervals of the vehicles from model 2002 computer maintenance. Specific requirements on the performance levels of ACEA A3/B3. Suitable for all car gasoline and diesel engines. This engine can also be used in rule 229.1 and 229.3.
229.51 MB
Especially powerful engine oil for vehicles with diesel particulate filters and for extended oil change intervals. It better fuel economy than 229.5 MB.
MTU
OII Type 1
Normal quality (ACEA E1/E2)
OII Type 1 *
Type 1 plus corrosion protection.
Oil Type 2
Higher quality (SHPD, ACEA E3).
Oil Type 3
High-performance diesel engine oil is located (at the quality level ACEA E4)
Oil Type 3.1
High-performance diesel engine oil for engines with exhaust treatment (quality level ACEA E6).
OPEL
GM-LL-A-025
For extended oil change intervals (up to 30,000 km, two years) and increased fuel economy for petrol engines. Exceeds ACEA A1/A3.
GM-LL-B-025
For extended oil change intervals (up to 50,000 km, two years) and increased fuel economy of diesel engines. Exceeds ACEA B3/B4.
GM DEXOS 2
Future GM specification for petrol and diesel engines in the aftermarket.
Renault Trucks
RD
RENAULT drain, base, ACEA E3.
RLD
RENAULT Long Drain, based ACEA E5.
RXD
RENAULT Extra drain, base ACEA E4.
RGD
RENAULT gas drain, base ACEA E3.TBN 6-8; sulfate ash <1%.
RENAULT car
RN 0700
For petrol engines, ACEA A3/B4 or A5/B5 equivalent.
RN 0710
For diesel engines without particulate SAE 5W-40 meets ACEA A3/B4.
RN 720
For diesel engines with particulate filters, SAE 0/5W-30/40 corresponds ACEA C4. An additional RENAULT-engine test is required.
SCANIA
ACEA E3
Oil change intervals to 60,000 km.
ACEA E7
For SCANIA Euro-4/5-Motoren with normal oil change intervals.
LDF-release
Motor oil with a special "long-drain-field test release". Oil change intervals to 120,000 km.
2 LDF
SCANIA engine oil for extended drain intervals in Euro-4/5-Motoren.
VOLVO
VDS
VOLVO drain specification for extended drain intervals (50,000 km).
VDS-2
Mandatory for Euro 2 engines (60,000 km).
VDS-3
Specifications for VOLVO engines according to the latest emissions standard, and extended oil change intervals.
VDS-4
Engine oil for Euro-5 and U.S. 2007 engines, power equivalent to API CJ-4 with additional VOLVO D12D engine test.
VW Volkswagen Group
VW 500 00
Light running for gasoline and Saugdieselmotoren. Only SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX-XX, and 10W oils. After 10/91 XX oils> are no longer considered 40th
VW 501 01
Conventional multigrade without Leichtlaufcharakter for gasoline and Saugdieselmotoren.
VW 502 00
Light running for petrol engines under severe service conditions.
VW 503 00
Standard for passenger car petrol engines with maintenance interval prolongation (WIV: 30,000 km, two years). Exceeds the requirements of 502 00 (HTHS 2.9 mPas).
VW 503 01
Standard for turbocharged cars with gasoline engines maintenance interval prolongation, such as Audi S3, TT (HTHS> 3.5 mPas).
VW 504 00
Standard for all passenger car petrol engines with WIV and without replacing standard VW 503 00 and 503 01
VW 505 00
All-season motor oils for diesel engines and turbo-charged.
VW 505 01
Year-round engine oil designed for pump-injector diesel engines.
VW 506 00
Standard for diesel service interval prolongation (WIV: 50,000 km, two years), (HTHS 2.9 mPas).
VW 506 01
Norm for pump-injector diesel service interval prolongation.
VW 507 00
Standard for almost all diesel engines with and without WIV, distributor pump and pump-jet engines, backward compatible to year 2000. For engines with a particulate filter system. Only V10 engines and R5 are excluded
2:34 Ford
Special requirements
ESDM-2C175-A Halbsynthetiköl
ESDM-2C186-A gearbox oil
ESPM-2C166-H automatic transmission fluid (H-Oil)
from MJ. 1981
ESWM-2C119A gear oil
NO52162VX00 automatic transmission oil
NO52145VX00 gear oil SAE 75W-90
NO52726YO hypoid oil SAE 75W
SR-M2C9102A hypoid oil SAE 90
SQM-2C9002-AA gear oil API-GL5, SAE 1990
SQM-2C9007-A Automatic Oil (G-Oil) to MJ.
1981, not with other oils
miscible
SQM-2C9008-A hypoid oil SAE 80
SQM-2C9010-A automatic transmission oil (CJ oil)
MJ. 1981-1990
WSD-M2C200-B gear oil SAE 75W-90
WS-M2C199-A CVT gearbox oil Universal
WSP M2C197A API GL5 gear oil,
SAE 80W-90, SAE 90
2:35 Volvo
Depending on the vehicle some special oils for
Volvo-No.:
11 61423-7 switching and axle
33 45534-6 switching and axle
33 44208-8 Automatic Transmission
11 61329-6 bevel gear type in 1155
& Rear
Type 1165
2:36 Scania
Transmission Oil 01 for axle
Transmission Oil 02 for synchronized transmission
3rd Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATF)
For automatic transmission, special oils with exactly
defined using friction / wear characteristics. Too good
or altered in poor lubrication, the
Shift quality (jerk) and the switching points.
Until 1981 used General Motors (DEXRON ®)
and Ford (MERCON ®) oils with different friction / wear characteristics.
Since the alignment of the two testers
all the manufacturers based on the
DEXRON ®-Specific fiction and give oils including
free.
For continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT) are
special lubricating oils in development.
3.1 Developer Shares
3:11 General Motors
Each oil is specifically released and replaced by a
Release number (for example Deafluid 25 233 5060 E-). The
technical requirements has been over the years
amended several times and adjusted. The previous specification
goes out.
Type A, Suffix A (TASA) was published in 1957
DEXRON ® B (B-number) was published in 1967
DEXRON ® II (C-number) was published in 1973
DEXRON ® II D (D number) was published in 1981
DEXRON ® II E (E number) was published in 1991
DEXRON ® III (F-number) was published in 1994
DEXRON ® III G (G-number) published 1997
DEXRON ® IV for the time being we are not introduced.
3:12 FORD (MERCON ®)
Each oil is specifically released and replaced by a
Release number. The technical demands were
Over the years several times changed and adapted.
The previous specification expires
M2C33A / B appeared in 1959
M2C33C / D released 1961
M2C33-F appeared in 1967
M2C33-G (SQM-2C9007A/G-Öl published) 1972
M2C138-CJ (SQM-2C9010A/CJ-Öl)
DEXRON II D @ published in 1978
oils released since 1980, n. DEXRON II D
M2C166-H ESPM-2C166-H/H-Öl () appeared in 1981
MERCON ® published in 1987
MERCON ® published in 1993
see also 2:34
3:13 Mercedes-Benz
Roll-release after
MB236.1 = fluid gear oils
MB 236.2 = Type A, Suffix A
MB236.3 = steering transmission
MB236.4 DEXRON = B / II
MB 236.5 , MB236.6 , MB236.7= DEXRON II D
MB sheet 236.81 = DEXRON III
3:14 MAN
Roll-release after
Works standard 339 type A = Type A, Suffix A
Works standard 339 type B = DEXRON
Works standard 339 type C = DEXRON II
Works standard 339 type D = DEXRON III
Works standard 339 type F = DEXRON III
2:33 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (ZF)
Roll-approval by
TE-ML 01 mechanical unsynchronized Allklauengetriebe
Truck
TE-ML 02 mechanical transmission and
Additional transmissions for cars and trucks
TE-ML 03 converter transmissions for machines
(Construction machinery, special vehicles, etc.)
TE-ML 04 marine gears
TE-ML 05 axles for passenger cars, trucks and ArbeitsIII
TE-ML 06 tractor engines and lifting hydraulics
TE-ML 07 Hydrostatic, Mechanical and
Electric drives
TE-ML 08 mechanical steering systems for cars, trucks
MACHINES
TE-ML 09 Steering / oil pumps for cars, trucks
MACHINES
TE-ML 10 Trans Matic for cars and trucks
TE-ML 11 Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars
TE-ML 10 not occupied
ZF TE-ML 13 units in special vehicles
TE-ML 14 automatic transmissions for trucks
TE-ML 15 brake systems for special vehicles
TE N 13 010 transmission with and without retarder
extended oil change interval
日文版的 鐵罐裝MOBIL 1 0W-40 英文翻譯產品資料表
發文者為 日本 ExxonMobil 愛剋森美福日本分公司
ExxonMobil Yugen Kaisha
L&S ES Customer Response Center
W Building 1-8-15 Kohnan, Minato-Ku
Tokyo 108-8005
Japan
合約內容第二項規定,通過認證的機油廠商商品行銷於全球,只要該機油品牌名稱通過賓士認證並登記於賓士認證通過的機油名單上,當該機油行銷於全球並掛名通過賓士認證的機油,機油廠商都必須向賓士負責(無論該項通過認證的機油品牌名稱在全球的那一個工廠生產或是在全球哪一個國家銷售,認證都是相同並且有效),並遵守022技術文件合約內容(總共16項合約規定包含下列第三項規定),
2. The Company is responsible to Daimler AG for ensuring compliance with the provisions of
the “ Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids ” throughout the world. When using an identical
product name, the approval is also valid in countries other than those listed in the “ Mercedes - Benz
Specifications for Operating Fluids, ” regardless of where the product is manufactured or distributed.
通過德國賓士機油認證廠商,必須遵守認證機油合約,第三點明白規定機油廠商
3. The Company may distribute different formulations of the operating fluid under one and the same
product name if Daimler AG has tested and approved each formulation individually. Each formulation
distributed under the same product name must display the same performance quality.
Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids
Daimler AG, at the request of
– hereinafter referred to as “ the Company ” –
has tested the product called Provided the Company fulfills the obligations and conditions given below, Daimler AG will include the
above operating fluid in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids ” and approve it foruse in Mercedes - Benz vehicles and assemblies.
1. The Company shall not distribute any product under the above product designation anywhere in theworld other than the operating fluid tested and approved by Daimler AG.
2. The Company is responsible to Daimler AG for ensuring compliance with the provisions of
the “ Obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids ” throughout the world. When using an identical product name, the approval is also valid in countries other than those listed in the “ Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, ” regardless of where the product is manufactured or distributed.
3. The Company may distribute different formulations of the operating fluid under one and the sameproduct name if Daimler AG has tested and approved each formulation individually. Each formulation distributed under the same product name must display the same performance quality.
4. If the applicant seeks approval for operating fluids of various qualities on different sheets of the Mercedes - Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids, these product names must differ from one another by more than simply the SAE grade. The SAE grade may therefore only be used to differentiate between the viscosity, not the quality. Single grade and multigrade oils must be given product names that can be clearly and unambiguously differentiated from one another.
5. The Company shall at all times be able to inform Daimler AG as to which formulation is or
was being distributed in any given country at any given time.
6. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents, completely and clearly label the approved operating fluid in Latin letters with the exact same product name given above. Brand labels owned by Daimler AG ( such as “ MB ”, “ Daimler ”, etc. ) must not form part of the product name.
Only valid with signature on page 2
7. The Company shall on all containers, price lists, and on all other sales and advertising documents for the approved operating fluid, print the following text using the exact wording solely in English or German language shown here:
“ MB - Freigabe XXX.XX ” or “ MB - Approval XXX.XX ”.
8. The Company shall not use its approval( s ) for marketing purposes and in no manner or form in its advertising.
9. The company undertakes to send Daimler AG a label from both the front and rear side of a sales container (e.g. a 1-liter can) via BEAM (the service product application module; http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/
beam – Processes – Upload Label) when sales start (but no later than 6 months after receipt of the MB - Approval letter) if such items were not included in the application. If Daimler AG does not receive a copy of the label via BEAM within 6 months of receipt of the MB - Approval letter, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void.
10. If the approved operating fluid or its product name is altered in any way, the approval will automatically become null and void. Should the Company intend to alter the formulation of the approved operating fluid or the product name, the approval process must be repeated at the specific request of the Company and Daimler AG will again decide whether or not to grant approval. A minimum of twelve weeks prior to the alteration must be allowed for the re-approval process for the altered operating fluid or product name.
11. The company undertakes to inform Daimler AG each year in the yearly verification whether the abovementioned service product is being marketed unchanged under the product name.
The yearly verification shall be prepared within 8 weeks of the end of the 12-month period relative to the approval date in BEAM (http://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/beam – yearly verification). If the yearly verification is not provided, the MB - Approval shall automatically be rendered null and void and the service product shall be removed from the Mercedes-Benz Specifications for Operating Fluids.
12. The Company agrees to contractually oblige its dealers and agents, as well as all other resellers, to use,
in connection with the approved operating fluid, only the product name specified above in all dealings with third parties ( in particular for its sales operations ).
13. There exists no obligation on the part of Daimler AG to grant approval, even should the Company fulfill all the conditions of these obligations Regarding Approval for Operating Fluids. Daimler AG may revoke approval at any time.
14. Approval is effective as of the date of issue of the approval certificate.
The following applies in addition for engine oils: For original products, approval will expire automatically after a period of five years. The term of approval for rebrands /reblends is limited to the term for the respective original product and can therefore not exceed five years.
15. Approval does not imply any obligation on the part of Daimler AG or its service organization to procure the operating fluid.
16. Written notification will be provided to the Company of any changes made to these approval obligations.Such changes shall be deemed approved if no written objection is received from the Company within a period of six weeks following the announcement of the changes. Daimler AG will make special mention of this consequence when announcing changes.
Established in 1963 as a private enterprise, Viscolube is today one of the few European companies specializing in waste oil re-refining which is able to produce lubricating base oils whose properties are equal or even better than virgin base oils currently on the market.
Viscolube has two production plants in Italy and in 2007 it treated about 140,000 tonnes of waste oil, producing about 97,000 tonnes of lubricating bases.
Poland – Jedlicze
西班牙的石化公司也開始使用回收油
Spain – Tracemar (Huelva and7 Cartagena) no HDF unit installed
In Germany, already approximately ten per cent of lubricants are produced by recycling nowadays. In view of the increasing shortage of raw materials, that figure could easily be raised to more than 20 per cent. The state-of-the-art technology developed in Germany is very adaptable and well suited for export. Contacts with institutes, universities, and companies in Europe, Asia, and America already exist. Mineralöl-Raffinerie Dollbergen GmbH, and thus also the location of Lower Saxony, are important global participants. This is the origin of the technologies that enable sustainable development. Bring on the future
跟據德國聯邦環保署（BMU - German Federal Ministry for the Environment)的廢棄物白皮書資料
Waste oil
End-of-life lubricants such as are used, for example, in machines, engines,
transmissions, and turbines and which need to be disposed of in an environmentally
friendly manner are classified as waste oil. Since they are extremely
dangerous for groundwater and soil, Germany in 1979 introduced
regulations governing the complete collection and correct storage of waste
oil.
Source: Federal Environment Ministry (BMU)
33
In Germany the waste oil market is purely market-economy-based. Since
the provisions of the Waste Oil Ordinance came into effect in 1987 this system
has been running smoothly. In 2007 480,000 tonnes of waste oil was
collected and completely recovered, 73% materially and 27% energetically.
Since the Waste Oil Ordinance was amended in 2002 reprocessing of waste
oil has top priority. Thus, separating the hazardous substances from the
waste oil produces base oil which can be returned to the lubricant substance
cycle.
Waste Oil
As all waste oils from machines, engines, gearboxes or turbines may be very harmful to the environment if they find their way into soil or water, their handling is subject to stringent environmental regulations. For example, the Waste Oil Ordinance provides that the sale of engine oils and gear oils is only permitted if a waste oil reception point exists at or in the immediate vicinity of the point of sale.
For instance, if a department store sells engine oil it is required to accept the same amount of returned waste oil. If this is not possible at the point where the new engine oil is sold, a written notice must clearly indicate the whereabouts of the nearest waste oil reception point, which must be in the immediate vicinity.
There are also strict regulations for the disposal of waste oil: waste oils are either reprocessed to obtain new lubricants or heating oil, incinerated to generate energy, or disposed of as special waste. Germany gives financial assistance for waste oil reprocessing.
To increase the reprocessing of waste oil the Waste Oil Ordinance was amended in Germany and is in force since 1 May 2002.
Meanwhile about 75 % of the waste oil is recycled and 25 % is used as energy, so that nearly 100% of the waste oil is recovered (about 450.000 tonnes in 2003).
德國邦聯政府統計約 75%的廢機油回收再利用,剩下25%的廢機油做為燃料
The guideline for the promotion of the processing from waste oil to basis oil regulates this in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Promulgation of the Directive to Promote Processing of Waste Oil into Base Oil
The purpose of this attachment is to promulgate the Directive to Promote Processing of Waste Oil into Base Oil.
另外目前美國回收油的技術,只能回收製成礦物油,無法回收再回生成全合成機油
API Group I 及部分 Group II base oil 第一類及第二類基礎油,可製造 20W-XX 15W-XX的礦物機油
5W-40 0W-30 0W-40 這類全合成機油必須使 用Group III 及部分 Group IV base oil 第三類及第四類機礎油,必須由新的原油煉解取得
所以如怕使用到回收油,選用全合成機油即可
The current regeneration technologies allow rerefiners to produce high quality API Group I base oils and in some instances Group II quality base stocks. “The potential set of products that can be blended by rerefined base stocks include most industrial lubricant applications and bottom and mid-tier automotive products,” Phadke asserted, adding that top-tier products often cannot be blended using these base stocks.
Acceptance of rerefined products by OEMs is good, and they recommend such base stocks where economically and technically feasible, Phadke continued. “On the other hand, smaller lubricants blenders’ and marketers’ acceptance of these base stocks depends on the individual business situation, while global lubricant majors generally find it difficult to incorporate rerefined base stocks in their blends.” He explained that the reason for this is that these companies have standard global formulations.
歐洲回收機油再生工業協會的網頁 http://www.geir-rerefining.org/index.php
GEIR (Groupement Européen de l'Industrie de la Régénération), the European Re-refining Industry section of UEIL (Independent Union of the European Lubricants industry), is located in Brussels.
Mobil 1 5W-30 取得的車廠認證
Mobil 1 5W-30 meets or exceeds the requirements of:
dexos1™
GM 6094M, GM 4718M (Corvette spec)
Ford WSS-M2C929-A
Honda HTO-06
ACEA A1/B1 A5/B5
ILSAC GF-4 (API Certified - Starburst)
Mobil 1 5W-30與好市多另一瓶的ENEOS 5W-30 4公升鐵罐一樣
都有取API SM認證並取得省油要求性更高,由日本車廠與美國車廠制定的 汽油引擎機油認證 ILSAC GF-4
(ILSAC GF-4認證要求機油黏度比API SM 低,引擎因機油黏度產生的運轉阻力小,所以可以省油)
但是Mobil 1 5W-30比ENEOS 5W-30 更符合比ILSAC GF-4要求更高的
歐洲車廠認證 ACEA A1/B1 A5/B5 (就是ACEA A3/B4 的節能機油認證版本,歐洲車廠的汽油引擎小轎車及 柴油共軌缸內直噴的柴油引擎小轎車皆可使用)
ACEA A5/B5 可參考 Lubrizol路博潤的說明 http://www.lubrizol.com/EuropeanEngineOils/A5B508.html
ACEA A5/B5-08 engine oils may also meet the requirements of Ford WSS-M2C913-C.
ACEA A5/B5 2008年的機油認證版本也可以符合福特 WSS-M2C913-C 機由認證要求
•MERCON ® V 比 MERCON ®更長效(自排油對離合器片的磨擦系數維池更耐久)
•Ford has updated their approval processes
and testing requirements
– 15K test moves to 20K test (MERCON )-->Clutch Friction Durability Test on SAE #2(MERCON自排油必須耐高溫115度C)
– 20K test moves to 30K test (MERCON V)---->Clutch Friction Durability Test on SAE #2(MERCON V 自排油必須耐高溫135度C)
•Ford’s ultimate goal is to have “One Fluid” for all conventional
stepped automatic transmissions by MY 2008
– New fluid will be low viscosity
– Better low temperature properties
– Improved oxidation performance
– Stable friction
Ford Licensed Fluids
FORD 自排油認證時間表
Type A/B - 西元1959
Type F/G - 西元1967 (Non-Friction Modified)
M2C138CJ - (DEXRON®-II)
M2C166H - (DEXRON®-II + Lock-up TC)
MERCON® - 西元1987
MERCON® (Revised) - 西元1992
MERCON® V - 西元1995
MERCON® V ATF---->Mecron V是半合成變自排油--->貴(Mecron類似於DEXRON II,DEXRON II已被 DEXRON III取代)
DEXRON®-III/MERCON---->Mecron是礦物油的自排油--->便宜
美國Ford保養體系 2007年六月一號起 已全面使用 MERCON V自排油 取代 MERCON自排油
美國Ford原廠MERCON自排油已停止生產,直到庫存用完為止 http://www.aa1car.com/library/ford_tsb_06144.pdf
ISSUE
MERCON Automatic Transmission Fluid is being
replaced by MERCON V as a service fluid.
Beginning immediately all automatic transmission /
transaxle applications requiring MERCON can now
be serviced using MERCON V or MERCON
Automatic Transmission Fluid or dual usage fluids
labeled MERCON / MERCON V. After July 1,
2007, MERCON Automatic Transmission Fluid will
no longer be manufactured, therefore, availability of
this fluid will only continue for however long it takes
to deplete what remains in inventory.
GM 自排油認證時間表
Type A - 西元1949開始認證
Type A, Suffix A - 西元1957開始認證
DEXRON® ---> 一號自排油 --> 西元1967開始認證
DEXRON®-II ---> 二號自排油 --> 西元1973開始認證
DEXRON®-IIE --> 二號自排油新版本E認證 ---> 西元1990開始認證
DEXRON®-III--> 三號自排油 ---> 西元1993開始認證
DEXRON®-VI --> 通用汽車四號自排油 --> 西元2005開始認證
DEXRON 新認證自排油可用於舊認證自排油,因為自排油品質更好,由礦物自排油進步成半合成自排油
Type F -- Introduced by Ford in 1967 for their automatics. Also used by Toyota.
Type CJ -- Special fluid for Ford C6 transmissions. Similar to Dexron II. Must not be used in automatics that require Type F. Can be replaced with Mercon or Mercon V.
Type H -- Another limited Ford spec that differs from both Dexron and Type F. Can be replaced with Mercon or Mercon V.
Mercon -- Ford fluid introduced in 1987, very similar to Dexron II. Okay for all earlier Fords except those that require Type F. As of July 1, 2007, the production and licensing of Mercon ATF by Ford ends. Ford says applications that require Mercon ATF can now be serviced with Mercon V. See Ford TSB 06144 for more information.
Mercon V -- Replaces Mercon. Introduced in 1997 for Ranger, Explorer V6 and Aerostar, and 1998 & up Windstar, Taurus/Sable and Continental. This is the current ATF for most late model Ford products. See Ford TSB 06144 for more information.
Mercon SP -- Latest friction-modified ATF for Ford TorqShift Transmissions only. Do NOT use in transmissions that require Mercon or Mercon V. See Ford TSB 06144 for more information.
Dexron -- General Motors original ATF for automatics.
Dexron II -- Improved GM formula with better viscosity control and additional oxidation inhibitors. Can be used in place of Dexron.
Dexron IIE -- GM fluid for electronic transmissions.
Dexron III -- Replaces Dexron IIE and adds improved oxidation and corrosion control in GM electronic automatics.
Dexron III (H) -- Improved version of Dexron III released in 2003.
Dexron III/Saturn -- A special fluid spec for Saturns.
Dexron-VI -- Introduced in 2006 for GM Hydra-Matic 6L80 6-speed rear-wheel-drive transmissions. Dexron VI now replaces Dexron III and II, and can be used in GM or import transmissions that formerly specified Dexron III or II. http://www.aa1car.com/library/atf.htm
Chevron 雪佛龍
Texaco 德士古
Caltex 加德士
資料豐富充足~~